Diseases by protozoan pathogens pose a significant public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries, where these are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Protozoan pathogens tend to establish chronic infections underscoring their competence at subversion of host immune processes, an important component of disease pathogenesis and of their virulence. Modu...

Pathogenic parasites including helminths and protozoa are responsible for foodborne diseases in developed developing countries. Reports of waterborne protozoan infections very rare. Food zoonotic their transmission stages listed this review it is aimed to give brief information about the food-borne protozoa.

The shape and form of protozoan parasites are inextricably linked to their pathogenicity. The evolutionary pressure associated with establishing and maintaining an infection and transmission to vector or host has shaped parasite morphology. However, there is not a 'one size fits all' morphological solution to these different pressures, and parasites exhibit a range of different morphologies, re...

Synanthropic flies abound in the tropics especially in areas with substandard environmental sanitary conditions. Here, they constitute serious public nuisance. These flies through their filthy breeding habits, feeding mechanisms and indiscriminate travel, between filth and food, make some groups of these synanthropic insects such as non-biting flies as efficient vectors of human enteric protozo...

Diseases caused by protozoan parasites are still an important health problem. These parasites can cause a wide spectrum of diseases, some of which are severe and have high morbidity or mortality if untreated. Since they are still uncontrolled, it is important to find novel drug targets and develop new therapies to decrease their remarkable social and economic impact on human societies. In the p...

Within the last several years, the protozoan parasites Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and microsporidia have become recognized as important, rapidly emerging human pathogens in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Since the early 1990s, many of the reported outbreaks of enteric illness caused by these microorganisms have been attributed to food- and water-borne c...