The article builds a competitive model of the incumbent and later entrant, considering the case of single-homing andmultihoming. Results show that the conditions that later entrant platform profits exceed incumbent platform are the same underthe case of single homing and multihoming. At the same time, the later entrant should turn to charge rather than subsidizingenterprise when two platforms g...

this article addresses a single row facility layout problem where the objective is to optimize the arrangement of some rectangular facilities with different dimensions on a line. regarding the np-hard nature of the considered problem, a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm based on simulated annealing has been proposed to obtain a near optimal solution. a number of test problems are randomly generat...

this paper addresses the concept of co 2 laser beam machining (lbm) and development of intelligent knowledge base system (ikbs) for co 2 lbm. feature based design is used for acquiring design specification. for optimization of laser beam machining computer based concurrent engineering environment is used. the ikbs is linked to feature base cad system. the ikbs is also linked to material databas...

A re-entrant gas-liquid spinodal was proposed as a possible explanation of the apparent divergence of the compressibility and specific heat off supercooling water. Such a counter-intuitive possibility, e.g., a liquid that becomes unstable to gas-like fluctuations on cooling at positive pressure, has never been observed, neither in real substances nor in off-lattice simulations. More recently, s...

The Internet provides an unprecedented capability for sellers to learn about their customers and offer custom products at special prices. In addition, customization is more feasible today because of advances in manufacturing technologies that have improved sellers’ manufacturing flexibility. We first develop a model of product customization and flexible pricing to incorporate the salient roles ...

Free trade agreements have been on the rise in all regions of the world in the past decade. This has allowed for global distribution and marketing of products in an international market. Products once produced for domestic markets must now be able to compete in international markets without trade barriers. Increased international commerce and manufacturing have forced many packaging and logisti...

The received wisdom is that sunk costs create a barrier to entry—if entry fails, then the entrant, unable to recover sunk costs, incurs greater losses. In a strategic context where an incumbent may prey on the entrant, sunk entry costs have a countervailing effect: they may effectively commit the entrant to stay in the market. By providing the entrant with commitment power, sunk investments may...

Dogs 3-7 days following ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery representing a remarkably stable model for re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias (RVA) and allowed detailed electrophysiologic studies of the re-entrant mechanism. In these dogs, we could regularly illustrate the presence of continuous electrical activity originating from the infarction zone (IZ) and bridging the diastolic...

Comparative advertising content di¤ers from generic. We discover that dissipative advertising has consequences depending upon content and cost. Comparison advertising may trigger legal action by rival ...rms that are named. In the model an entrant signals its product quality. By a comparative ad the entrant refers to the incumbent’s product. We show that comparison can enhance the signaling pot...

Firms might not launch a next generation product as soon as a more efficient technology or a better product design is ready. We use a stylized model to analyze firms’ product launch and upgrade decisions in an incumbent-vs-entrant setting. We find that large profit margins from the next generation product alone do not provide the entrant sufficient incentives to launch the next generation produ...