HIGHLIGHTS ► Twelve entropy indices were systematically compared in monitoring depth of anesthesia and detecting burst suppression.► Renyi permutation entropy performed best in tracking EEG changes associated with different anesthesia states.► Approximate Entropy and Sample Entropy performed best in detecting burst suppression. OBJECTIVE Entropy algorithms have been widely used in analyzing E...

Ultrasound medical image has drawn extensive attentions for clinical monitoring and pharmaceutics determination, and the quality of image plays essential role for accurate information interpretation. In order to improve the contrast of the ultrasound medical image, algorithm based on modified wavelet transformation method has been established and optimized in this article. The modules maximum c...

regarding the extended concept of coordination generally orspecially in supply chain contexts, we aimed to identify the coordinationphenomenon in this research by determination of its elements anddimensions. the results of the previous researches, were analyzed by themetha-synthesis research method and when seven steps were passed, thesupply chain coordination in automotive industry, were categ...

We deal with single conservation laws with a spatially varying and possibly discontinuous coefficient. This equation includes as a special case single conservation laws with conservative and possibly singular source terms. We extend the framework of optimal entropy solutions for these classes of equations based on a two-step approach. In the first step, an interface connection vector is used to...

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) turbulence models to predict entropy generation rates in bypass transitional boundary layers flows under zero and adverse pressure gradients. Entropy generation rates in such flows are evaluated employing the commercial CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT. Various turbulence and transitional model...

Changes in surface topography reflect the state of fatigue damage. In this paper, a new method to characterize metal surface topography during fatigue has been proposed. Firstly, we acquired surface topography images based on machine vision and separated them into roughness, waviness, and form error images through a shearlet transform. Secondly, we constructed gray co-occurrence matrixes of the...

â â  the present study attempts to investigate the urban hierarchy in iran between 1996-2006. the research method is content and statistical analysis. the necessity data were collected by documental method. in addition to the analysis and sorting of the data regarding the situation of iranian cities based on different models such as entropy ,ginny coefficients, urban concentration index, and ra...

Discrete Wavelet Transform has been widely used in image compression because it is able to compact frequency and spatial localization of image energy into a small fraction of coefficients. In recent years coefficient sign coding has been used to improve image compression. The potential correlation between the sign of a coefficient and the signs of its neighbors opens the possibility to use a si...

Artificial collisions during particle tracking with selfconsistent space charge lead to diffusion-like, numerical effects. The artificial collisions generate a stochastic noise spectrum. As a consequence the entropy and the emittance can grow along periodic focusing structures. The growth rates depend on the number of simulation macro-particles and on the space charge tune shifts. For long-term...

By using the canonical Hamiltonian method, we obtain the mass and entropy of the black holes with general dynamical coupling constant λ in Hořava-Lifshitz Gravity. Regardless of whether the horizon is sphere, plane or hyperboloid, we find these black holes are thermodynamically stable in some parameter space and unstable phase also exists in other parameter space. The relation between the entro...