health have been taken over the past decade in both the United States and Europe This progress is based on the shared recognition that infants and children are very different from adults in their exposures and their susceptibility to toxic chemicals and that they therefore require special protections in risk assessment, regulation, and law. But despite this common scientific foundation, develop...

Abstract: Sustainability is increasingly considered an essential business function, but in Libya, petroleum companies are slow to address operational issues that could reduce environmental concerns. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of upstream petroleum operations. The methods adopted in the study are a literature review, an environmental impact assessment (EIA) study and q...

Mobile colloidal particles have been identified to be involved in a broad variety of environmentally relevant processes. A considerable number of these processes may have hazardous consequences. Most recently, mobile colloidal particles have been reported to be a potentially relevant transport pathway for strongly sorbing contaminants. Thereby the colloidal particles act as highly mobile contam...

Models are often used in addition to or in lieu of monitoring data to estimate environmental concentrations and exposures for use in risk assessments or epidemio­ logical studies, and to support regulatory standards and voluntary programmes (Jayjock et al., 2007; US EPA, 1989, 1992). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of 35 models currently supported and used by the US EPA to...

There is a rapidly growing need for technologies that will enable the monitoring of the world's natural resources and urban assets, and managing exposure to natural and human-made (i.e. technological) risk. This need is driven by continued, geographically disproportionate urbanization, inherent vulnerability and exposure to risk therein and the stress placed on natural resource capacity. Consid...

The Agency does not routinely include, in its risk assessments, an evaluation of mixtures of active ingredients, either those mixtures of multiple active ingredients in product formulations or those in the applicator’s tank. In the case of the product formulations of active ingredients (that is, a registered product containing more than one active ingredient), each active ingredient is subject ...

ECO Update is a Bulletin series on ecological risk assessment of Superfund sites. These Bulletins serve as supplements to Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Volume II: Environmental Evaluation Manual (EPA/540-1-89/001). The information presented is intended to provide technical information to EPA and other government employees. It does not constitute rulemaking by the Agency, and may not b...

Catchment managers face considerable challenges in managing ecological assets. This task is made difficult by the variable and complex nature of ecological assets, and the considerable uncertainty involved in quantifying how various threats and hazards impact upon them. Bayesian approaches have the potential to address the modelling needs of environmental management. However, to date many Bayes...