The assessment of adverse health effects from environmental hazards involves integration of evidence from a variety of sources, including experimental studies, both in animals and humans, in vitro studies, and epidemiological research. It requires an understanding of the sources, nature and levels of exposure to which humans may be subjected, the nature of the health outcome or toxic effect and...

Doing a better job of protecting children from environmental hazards requires having more and better information about both children's susceptibility and their exposure to toxic substances. There are many critical gaps in knowledge of this issue. This article presents several examples specifically related to children's exposure to pesticides which illustrate environmental risks for children. Th...

Climate change is expected to have large, negative effects on the global economy. Adaptation by individuals and firms will determine, in part, how much damage ultimately occurs. This paper introduces a method for estimating forward-looking adaptation based on changes in expectations about the weather, provides conditions under which public forecasts provide good measures for these expectations,...