Rufinamide is an orally active, structurally novel compound (1-[(2,6-difluorophenil1) methyl1]-1 hydro 1,2,3-triazole-4 carboxamide), which is structurally distinct from other anticonvulsant drugs. It was granted orphan drug status for the adjunctive treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in the United States in 2004, and released for use in Europe in 2007. In January 2009, rufinamide was a...

and females, special issues are female specific.1 Significant social and physiological differences between males and females require a modified approach towards female patients.1,2 This approach should consider a variety of factors such as age, relationships, diagnosis, female specific syndromes, the influence of female sex hormones and cosmotic effects of anti-epileptic drugs.1-3 Epilepsy and ...

Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) are a relatively new category of disorders defined by strict clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) features proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of epileptic syndromes. IGEs are usually easy to diagnose when clinical and EEG data are collected, but epilepsy is not synonymous with epileptic syndrome. So far, IGEs a...

The management of seizures and epilepsy begins with forming a differential diagnosis, making the diagnosis, and then classifying seizure type and epileptic syndrome. Classification guides treatment, including ancillary testing, management, prognosis, and if needed, selection of the appropriate antiepileptic drug (AED). Many AEDs are available, and certain seizure types or epilepsy syndromes res...

Todd's paralysis is rare phenomenon, but its identification of key diagnostic and therapeutic value. The authors present a clinical observation post-traumatic encephalopathy accompanied by paralysis. main differential criteria for with cerebral paroxysms in the form stroke syndromes have been identified: closed craniocerebral injury history; epileptiform paroxysms; clear connection between epil...

Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies are severe disorders in which cognitive, sensory, and motor development is impaired by recurrent clinical seizures or prominent interictal epileptiform discharges during the neonatal or early infantile periods. They include Ohtahara syndrome, early myoclonic epileptic encephalopathy, West syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and other diseases, e.g., X-linked myoclo...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, social, and/or professional and cognitive outcomes in adulthood of the continuous spike-waves during slow sleep (CSWS) and Landau-Kleffner syndromes, which are two rare epileptic syndromes occurring in children. METHODS We enrolled seven young adults, five who had a CSWS syndrome, and two, a Landau-Kleffner syndrome in childhood. We...