This article examines several major political and cultural issues with which the citizens of Azerbaijan are currently grappling. It considers the role of the Nogorno-Karabakh conflict and its aftermath, irredentist claims made by some on Azerbaijani portions of Iran, the place of women in society, and the role of oil. Present in all these topics, however, is the common theme of how Turkish, Rus...

African history and world history each became substantial fields of historical study in the aftermath of the Second World War. African history organized rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, an era dominated by modernization-thinking. World history developed slowly until the 1990s, then quickly expanded and generated institutional homes in a time of globalization-thinking. This piece considers issues...

In Germany the performance of opening the electricity markets proves to be poor. While the sector’s productivity nearly doubled, the customers were left out in the cold. In actuality, the generated redistribution mass remained in the firms. There, the management used the threat of competition as an instrument for rationalisation and for the moderation of wage growth, while it simultaneously and...

Pohjakallio_176x250.indd 3 4.3.2011 10.34 Abstract_Pohjakallio_176x250.indd 3 4.3.2011 10.34Pohjakallio_176x250.indd 3 4.3.2011 10.34 2-Isoksatsoliinit ovat heterosyklisiä yhdisteitä, joita voidaan käyttää monipuolisesti synteettisinä välivaiheina erilaisten hyödyllisten rakenneyksiköiden valmistamisessa. 2-Isoksatsoliinien hyödyllisyys on pitkään perustunut niiden helppoon synteesiin erityises...

In this discussion we will be confining ourselves to the causes of the war and the war itself. First, we will examine the background and events preceeding the war. Second, we will discuss the war itself, including a focus on some of the events which could have tipped the balance in favour of either side. Finally, we will briefly examine the immediate aftermath of the war, and the implications t...

This paper gives a simple characterization of episodes in episode mining that are constructible from just information for occurrences of serial episodes, called serially constructible episodes. First, we formulate an episode as an acyclic transitive labeled digraph of which label is an event type in episode mining. Next, we introduce a parallel-free episode that always has an arc between vertic...