We study the diffusion of epidemics on networks that are partitioned into local communities. The gross structure of hierarchical networks of this kind can be described by a quotient graph. The rationale of this approach is that individuals infect those belonging to the same community with higher probability than individuals in other communities. In community models the nodal infection probabili...

In the forecasting of binary events, verification measures that are ‘‘equitable’’ were defined by Gandin and Murphy to satisfy two requirements: 1) they award all random forecasting systems, including those that always issue the same forecast, the same expected score (typically zero), and 2) they are expressible as the linear weighted sum of the elements of the contingency table, where the weig...

Across a sample of 123 countries, we examined the association between the fulfillment of needs and subjective well-being (SWB), including life evaluation, positive feelings, and negative feelings. Need fulfillment was consistently associated with SWB across world regions. Life evaluation was most associated with fulfilling basic needs; positive feelings were most associated with social and resp...

In many applications of graph colouring the sizes of colour classes should not be too large. For example, in scheduling jobs (some of which could be performed at the same time), it is not good if the resulting schedule requires many jobs to occur at some specific time. An application of this type is discussed in [8]. A possible formalization of this restriction is the notion of equitable colour...

The American Medical Association’s Guides to the Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation (Causation)1 is an important component of the AMA Guides library. This text delineates a type of evaluation that is distinctly different from a diagnostic evaluation, a treatment planning evaluation, a prognosis evaluation, or an impairment evaluation. It provides a protocol for determining whether a cli...

Automatic short answer grading (ASAG) is the automated process of assessing answers based on natural language using computation methods and machine learning algorithms. Development of large-scale smart education systems on one hand and the importance of assessment as a key factor in the learning process and its confronted challenges, on the other hand, have significantly increased the need for ...

Automatic short answer grading (ASAG) is the automated process of assessing answers based on natural language using computation methods and machine learning algorithms. Development of large-scale smart education systems on one hand and the importance of assessment as a key factor in the learning process and its confronted challenges, on the other hand, have significantly increased the need for ...

Across a sample of 123 countries, we examined the association between the fulfillment of needs and subjective well-being (SWB), including life evaluation, positive feelings, and negative feelings. Need fulfillment was consistently associated with SWB across world regions. Life evaluation was most associated with fulfilling basic needs; positive feelings were most associated with social and resp...