The incidence of ischemic stroke is significantly increased in postmenopausal women. However, the neuroprotective effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) against stroke remain controversial, and the role of astrocytes in ERT has rarely been explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of estrogen and selective estrogen receptor (ER) agonists on astrocytes activation and neuronal a...

Background: The study aimed at evaluating steroid biomarker genes (ERα, PGR, ERβ) and determining the expression level of estrogen-regulated (SCUB2 BCL2) growth factors receptors (HER2 IGFR1) in cancer tissue samples obtained from Iranian patients with breast cancer. Moreover, relationships clinicopathologic aspects tumor response to treatment were studied. Methods: current was conducted on 246...

he onset of hypertension occurs earlier in men than in women. Moreover, the magnitude of hypertension is greater in men than in women across diverse mammalian species and experimental models. 1 17β-estradiol (E 2) is implicated in this female protection because ovarian hormone loss is associated with increased arterial pressure while E 2 replacement can prevent this effect. Creation of mice def...

The possible signaling role of prokineticin 2 (PK2) and its receptor, prokineticin receptor 2 (PKR2), on female reproduction was investigated. First, the expression of PKR2 and its co-localization with estrogen receptor (ERα) in the hypothalamus was examined. Sexually dimorphic expression of PKR2 in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus was observed. Compared to the male mice, there was more wi...

The Chinese herbal preparation QiBaoMeiRan formula (QBMR) displayed estrogenic effects in ovariectomized rats after long-term administration in a previous study. The uterus and vagina are negatively influenced by estrogens in hormone therapy. While QBMR is known to be a phytoestrogen, its estrogenic effects and safety on reproductive tissues after short-term administration and its mechanism via...

We investigated rapid protection effect by estradiol on corticosterone (CORT)-induced suppression of synaptic transmission. Rapid suppression by 1 μM CORT of long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA3-CA1 synapses was abolished via coperfusion of 1 nM estradiol. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-derived field excitatory postsynaptic potential (NMDA-R-fEPSP) was used to analyze the mechanisms of the...

We demonstrated the rapid effects of 10nM bisphenol A (BPA) on the spinogenesis of adult rat hippocampal slices. The density of spines was analyzed by imaging Lucifer Yellow-injected CA1 neurons in slices. Not only the total spine density but also the head diameter distribution of spine was quantitatively analyzed. Spinogenesis was significantly enhanced by BPA within 2h. In particular, the den...

The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) hormone is secreted by cardiac atrial myocytes and acts to regulate blood pressure homeostasis in humans. Previous research indicates ANP treatment significantly decreases the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer cells. Minimal studies have been conducted with regard to ANP regulating tumor suppressor gen...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Male and female rats differ in their ability to utilize spinal endomorphin 2 (EM2; the predominant mu-opioid receptor ligand in spinal cord) and in the mechanisms that underlie spinal EM2 analgesic responsiveness. We investigated the relevance of spinal estrogen receptors (ERs) to the in vivo regulation of spinal EM2 release. METHODS ER antagonists were administered directly t...

A set of isoflavononid and flavonoid analogs was prepared evaluated for estrogen receptor α (ERα) ERβ transactivation anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) study naturally occurring phytoestrogens, their metabolites, related isoflavone revealed the importance C-ring isoflavonoids ER activity selectivity. Docking suggested putative binding modes daidzein 2 dehy...