BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) will remain the predominant cause of death and a major cause of morbidity for the foreseeable future. Consequently, CVD prevention offers the greatest potential for the prevention of premature mortality and the compression of morbidity. DISCUSSION The 2013 guidelines of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association expand the eli...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To review the clinical outcome, implant survivorship and reasons for failure after X-Stop implantation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Conflicting data exist concerning clinical outcome of the X-Stop interspinous spacer and little information is being published about implant survivorship and the need for revision surgery. METHODS This retrosp...

While knowledge regarding the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis has expanded dramatically over the last few years, gaps in knowledge still exist with guidance lacking on the appropriate management of several common clinical scenarios. This article uses fictional clinical scenarios to help answer three challenging questions commonly encountered in clinical practice. The first clinical chal...

BACKGROUND Hospitalization is a costly and distressing event associated with relapse during schizophrenia treatment. No information is available on the predictors of psychiatric hospitalization during maintenance treatment with olanzapine long-acting injection (olanzapine-LAI) or how the risk of hospitalization differs between olanzapine-LAI and oral olanzapine. This study aimed to identify the...

BACKGROUND The impact of delivery mode on the development of urinary incontinence has been much debated. The primary objective of this systematic review was to compare the prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence after cesarean section compared with vaginal birth. METHODS The MEDLINE (1966-2005) and CINAHL (1982-2005) databases were searched for reports specifying postpartum prevalence o...

The effective field theory (EFT) for a toy model of nucleons interacting via a short range and a long range Yukawa potential is presented. The scattering amplitude in the S0 channel is calculated up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) using the Kaplan-Savage-Wise (KSW) power counting scheme. A particular expansion of the amplitude about the pole at low (imaginary) momentum is used to derive...

after the war with iraq which ended in 1988, iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on five-year national development plans. the main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and to encourage sustainable agriculture. this paper investigates the extent to which iran's government has been able to achieve thi...