User feedback is vital to the quality of the collaborative spam fi lters frequently used in open membership email systems such as Yahoo Mail or Gmail. Users occasionally designate emails as spam or non-spam (often termed as ham), and these labels are subsequently used to train the spam fi lter. Although the majority of users provide very little data, as a collective the amount of training data ...

Single-use/disposable technology (SU/DT) has emerged over the past decade as a cost-effective and fl exible basis for biopharmaceutical manufacturing (1,2). It has moved beyond the limited applications of culture bags, liquid storage bags, and sampling devices, and now includes more unit-operation-based capabilities, such as cartridge fi ltration, depth fi ltration, ultrafi ltration, and chroma...

After the second decade of life, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases progressively. There is still considerable debate about the importance of this "physiological decrease" in GFR with age in many situations attributed to the effects of concomitant hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases (among others) observed in the elderly. The GFR is considered the best indicator o...

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations, infrequently used just a decade ago, are now recommended for the evaluation of kidney function for routine clinical care and are routinely reported by the vast majority of clinical laboratories (1 ). Current clinical guidelines recommend estimated GFR (eGFR) based on serum creatinine (eGFRCr) as the initial diagnostic test, and either a mea...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is rarely measured in clinical practice because of the complexity of the measurement. As such, kidney function is typically estimated using validated study equations, which use readily available data including age, sex, race, and serum creatinine as filtration marker. Contemporary research suggests that cystatin C may be an improved alternative...

A recent report by Schwartz and coworkers has described improved equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children (1 ). The equations were developed with data collected from 349 children 1–16 years of age with GFRs of approximately 20 –90 mL min 1 (1.73 m) 1 who were enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study. The new equations were developed to meet th...

Accurate markers of glomerular filtration rate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons would be useful for early diagnosis of HIV-associated nephropathy and other glomerular diseases, and for identifying patients at high risk for subsequent declines in kidney function who also may develop cardiovascular disease or renal complications from antiretroviral agents or other therapies....

BACKGROUND Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)-estimating equations are used to determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in population-based studies. However, it has been suggested that since the commonly used GFR equations were originally developed from samples of patients with CKD, they underestimate GFR in healthy populations. Few studies have made side-by-side comparisons of th...

BACKGROUND Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential for renal function evaluation and classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD), while the reference method in children are cumbersome. In the Chinese children, there was no data about GFR measured through plasma or renal clearance of the exogenous markers, and therefore no validated GFR-estimating tools in this population. METHODS We ...