Drugs such as tamoxifen, which act at the estrogen receptor (ER), have very different in vitro and in vivo effects from those of the native hormone. Previous research has established that different ligands induce distinct conformational changes in the ER, thus affecting the interactions of the receptor with cell-specific co-activating or co-repressing proteins (cofactors) and estrogen response ...

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor, is predominantly produced in the stomach. Little is known about the regulation mechanism of gastric ghrelin. Here, we report that estrogen synthesized in the stomach induces rat gastric ghrelin gene expression and production. We established a gastric ghrelin cell enrichment method using Percoll centrifugation and then studied the e...

It has been suggested that the degradation of the articular cartilage and osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with gender and the estrogen hormone. Although many investigators have reported the presence of the estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta in the articular cartilage, the localization of these receptors and the difference in their in vivo expression have not yet been clearly demonstrate...

There are two known estrogen receptors, estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) and estrogen receptor-beta (ER beta), which may mediate the actions of estrogen. The aim of the present study was to compare fat content, skeletal growth and adult bone metabolism in female mice lacking ER alpha (ERKO), ER beta (BERKO) or both ERs (DERKO). We demonstrate that endogenous estrogens decrease the fat content...

Estrogen receptors (ERs) orchestrate both transcriptional and non-genomic functions in response to estrogens, xenoestrogens and signals emanating from growth factor signalling pathways. The pleiotropic and tissue-specific effects of estrogens are likely to be mediated by the differential expression of distinct estrogen receptor subtypes (ERalpha and ERbeta) and their coregulators. The recent an...

objective: estrogen receptor alpha protein status is determined by routine immunohistochemistry analysis in all malignant breast tumors. this assay has its limitations. rna based techniques are potential complements for immunohistochemistry but it must be noticed that gene silencing may occur at different levels from rna to protein. the aim of this study was the comparison of the results from t...

background: in previous studies, the neuroprotective effect of 17&beta-estradiol; in diffuse traumatic brain injury has been shown. this study used ici 182,780, a non-selective estrogen receptor antagonist, to test the hypothesis that the neuroprotective effect of 17&beta-estradiol; in traumatic brain injury is mediated by the estrogen receptors. methods: the ovariectomized rats were divided in...