Formal clinical ethics review first developed in the USA and most hospitals there have structures in place. This is often a clinical ethics committee. Developments have been slower in the UK, where there has been uncertainty and variability about the role of clinical ethics committees. Even in the USA, their exact role is uncertain. Although we now have a good idea of the mechanisms for ethical...

Research ethics review is an important process, designed to protect participants in medical research. However, it is increasingly criticised for failing to meet its aims. Here, two researchers reflect on their experiences of applying for ethical approval of observational research in clinical settings. They highlight some problems faced by reviewers and researchers and propose a two-stage ethica...

Abstract In this paper I offer a reconstruction of one Husserl’s various anti-materialist arguments. Husserl hints at argument in Ideas II & III where he exposes essential differences between mental and material reality ( Realität ). At its core, claims that entities by their very essence can never be the same qualitative condition different times. By sharp contrast, for purely or physical ...