Task preparation involves multiple component processes, including a general evaluative process that signals the need for adjustments in control, and the engagement of task-specific control settings. Here we examined the dynamics of these different mechanisms in preparing the attentional control system for visual search. We explored preparatory activity using pupil dilation, a well-established m...

Previous studies have shown that Westerners evaluate themselves in an especially flattering way when faced with a social-evaluative threat. The current study first investigated whether East Asians also have a similar pattern by recruiting Chinese participants and using social-evaluative threat manipulations in which participants perform self-evaluation tasks while adopting different social-eval...

Together with the ever-growing amount of Chinese web data, the number of opinions voiced by Chinese users is rapidly increasing, and analyzing them is an important task. This paper introduces a Chinese Evaluative Information Analyzer (CEIA) and proposes a method to improve its performance. We use evaluative information as a unifying term for the information about attitudes, opinions, sentiments...

Evaluative conditioning is best defined as an effect, that is, as a change in the valence of a stimulus that results from pairing the stimulus with another stimulus. This definition has several advantages that are made explicit in this paper. One of the advantages is that it clarifies that evaluative conditioning can be due to multiple processes. Therefore, the conditions under which evaluative...

that results from pairing the stimulus with another stimulus. This definition has several advantages that are made explicit in this paper. One of the advantages is that it clarifies that evaluative conditioning can be due to multiple processes. Therefore, the conditions under which evaluative conditioning is observed can depend on the processes that underlie a particular manifestation of evalua...

The study of intelligence oversight captures the inherently political nature secret intelligence. However, many studies adopt rather instrumentalist views that omit important aspects policy process. Typically, these focus on obstacles to effective oversight. This article discusses how effectiveness can be assessed by applying broad evaluative categories contain programmatic, process-related, po...

The primary method by which social scientists describe public opinion about science and technology is to present frequencies from fixed response survey questions and to use multivariate statistical models to predict where different groups stand with regard to perceptions of risk and benefit. Such an approach requires measures of individual preference which can be aligned numerically in an ordin...