For an effective treatment of the evaporation process of a large black hole the problem concerning the role played by the fluctuations of the (vacuum) stress tensor close to the horizon is addressed. We present arguments which establish a principal relationship between the outwards fluctuations of the stress tensor close to the horizon and quantities describing the onset of the evaporation proc...

[1] The change in evaporation over the oceans in climate models is analyzed from the perspective of air‐sea turbulent fluxes of water and energy. The results challenge the view that the change in evaporation is predominantly constrained by the change in the net radiation at the surface. For fixed net radiation change, it is found that (1) robust increases in near‐surface relative humidity and (...

Energetic, structural, and dynamical properties of solid-to-liquid and liquid-to-vapor interfaces and molecular evaporation and condensation processes from high-temperature liquid n-C6Ht4 and n-Ct6Hs4 films were investigated with molecular dynamics simulations. For hexadecane all evaporation events occurred via monomers while for hexane, evaporation of monomers as well as dimers were observed. ...

A one-dimensional soil model has been developed to better predict heat and water exchanges in arid and semiarid regions. New schemes to calculate evaporation and adsorption in the soil were incorporated in the model. High performance of the model was confirmed by comparison of predicted surface fluxes, soil temperature, and volumetric soil water content with those measured in the Negev Desert, ...

Quantitative measurements on the field evaporation of GaP(l11) planes in the presence of hydrogen have been carried out using a field ion microscope. Below room temperature, the evaporation rate was found t o decrease wi th increasing temperature, while above room temperature it steeply increased. The evaporation volta e was found t o increase with increasing temperature up t o room temperature...

Under the application of a strong electric field, atoms from a metal surface can rupture their bonds and escape, leading to ‘field-evaporation’. We present a firstprinciples description of this phenomenon, taking as an example the evaporation of Al adatoms from an Al(111) surface. The ‘charged-plane’ method [A.Y. Lozovoi and A. Alavi, Phys Rev B 68, 246416 (2003)], has been implemented in the c...

Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) forms a major fraction of organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Knowledge of SOA properties that affect their dynamics in the atmosphere is needed for improving climate models. By combining experimental and modeling techniques, we investigated the factors controlling SOA evaporation under different humidity conditions. Our experiments support the conclusion of par...

evaporation is one of the most important components of hydrologic cycle.accurate estimation of this parameter is used for studies such as water balance,irrigation system design, and water resource management. in order to estimate theevaporation, direct measurement methods or physical and empirical models can beused. using direct methods require installing meteorological stations andinstruments ...

A recursive claim that there is a ’scarcity of global data on evaporative partitioning’ is used to justify the development of the STEAM model (see e.g. pg. 206, L23). However, over the last decade, there have been numerous efforts to derive the separate components of the terrestrial evaporative flux at the global scale, not just from land surface models and climate reanalyses, but also by combi...

Evaporation rates and total energy loads from an unoccupied, heated, outdoor pool in Fort Collins, Colorado were investigated. Pool and air temperatures, humidity, thermal radiation, wind speed, and water loss due to evaporation were measured over 2 1 test periods ranging from 1.1 to 16.2 hours during August and September, 1992. Data were analyzed and compared to commonly used evaporation rate ...