Applying the Precautionary Principle to public health requires a re-evaluation of the methods of inference currently used to make claims about disease causation from epidemiologic and other forms of scientific evidence. In current thinking, a well-established, near-certain causal relationship implies highly consistent statistically significant results across many different studies, large relati...

Judicial truth, a prerequisite for just decision, cannot be pursued without limits. Evidentiary norms aim to protect chiefly fundamental rights and the criteria of procedural rationality, respecting reasonable time duration trial. The assessment evidence submission is successful when evidentiary theme possible pertinent, where means / or sources are relevant in threefold sense their necessity (...

Throughout their history, humans have devised a number of approaches and strategies to reducing (perceived) uncertainty or the psychological impacts of uncertainty, and to function and thrive in a partially unknown world. A certain world begets certain ‘best strategies’ for survival; an uncertain world necessitates a larger portfolio of options and approaches, and means for choosing among them....

Timestamps stored on digital media play an important role in digital investigations. Unfortunately, timestamps may be manipulated, and also refer to a clock that can be erroneous, failing or maladjusted. This reduces the evidentiary value of timestamps. This paper takes the approach that historical adjustments to a clock can be hypothesized in a clock hypothesis. Clock hypotheses can then be te...

Advances in STR PCR DNA profiling technology allow for the analysis of minute quantities of DNA. It is frequently possible to obtain successful DNA results from cellular material transferred from the skin of an individual who has simply touched an object. Handling objects, such as weapons or other items associated with a crime, touching surfaces, or wearing clothing, may represent sufficient co...

The jury trial, which is a hallmark of the Anglo-American adversary system, requires close attention to the evidence that it is permissible for the lay jurors to hear. No evidentiary issue has proved more contentious than the admissibility of witnesses’, especially defendants’, prior criminal history because of concern that the lay jurors might prejudicially infer present guilt from past crimin...