This paper investigates the role of a goal parameter in semantics. On the one hand, goals are necessary for a semantics of questions and answers. On the other hand, the eeect of underlying perlocutionary goals on information in context can be modelled as an issue or question-under-discussion. A logic, update semantics with questions (USQ), is presented that combines update semantics with a part...

*Aoyama Gakuin University, Department of Industrial Engineering, 6-16-1, Chitosedai, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8572, Japan Abstract A task-given-type examination is a name coined by us to identify a method of school examination. In this method, (1)a group of questions is provided to students with enough time in advance before examination. (2)An appropriate number of questions are randomly selecte...