Copper is one of the important trace metals used in a multitude of cellular activities including respiration, angiogenesis and generation of immune responses. Its homeostasis is strictly orchestrated by copper binding proteins which include structural membrane proteins, intracellular enzymes and copper chaperones. Apart from serving as an important co-factor in various enzymes, copper plays a v...

Defects in the mammalian Menkes and Wilson copper transporting P-type ATPases cause severe copper homeostasis disease phenotypes in humans. Here, we find that DmATP7, the sole Drosophila orthologue of the Menkes and Wilson genes, is vital for uptake of copper in vivo. Analysis of a DmATP7 loss-of-function allele shows that DmATP7 is essential in embryogenesis, early larval development, and adul...

A cohort mortality study of lung cancer in 7088 copper miners was made from 1 January 1969 to 31 December 1988. There was an excess of deaths from lung cancer in the copper miners. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was 147 (p < 0.01). The SMR increased with calendar period. There was a higher risk of deaths from lung cancer in the miners employed in the 1950s. Age at the start of exposure ...

Copper is an essential element in the cellular electron-transport chain, but as a free ion it can catalyze production of damaging radicals. Thus, all life forms attempt to prevent copper toxicity. Plants diminish excess copper in two structural regions: rare hyperaccumulators bind cationic copper to organic ligands in subaerial tissues, whereas widespread metal-tolerant plants segregate copper ...

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficients of Al2O3-water and TiO2-water nanofluids have been experimentally measured on three horizontal tubes with different materials and similar roughness under atmospheric pressure. Results revealed that the presence of nanoparticles in the base fluid leads to an increase in pool boiling heat transfer coefficients on stainless steel and brass tubes in ...

Wilson disease (WND) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in ATP7B gene that impairs copper metabolism. ATP7B is involved in the transport of copper into the plasma protein ceruloplasmin and copper excretion out of the liver. Defects in ATP7B lead to excess of copper in various organs primarily in liver. The diagnosis of WND is more complex due to variations in its biochemical ...

Wilson’s disease is a rare, autosomal recessive, genetic, copper overload disease, which evokes multiple motor or neuropsychiatric symptoms and liver disease. It is the consequence of a variety of different mutations affecting the ATP7B gene. This gene encodes for a class IB, P-type, copper-transporting ATPase, which is located in the trans-Golgi network of the liver and brain, and mediates the...

An extensive review of Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory(WVDL) accessions along with the results of slaughter house surveys indicate that copper is accumulating in the livers of Wisconsin Holsteins of all ages. Two hundred eleven WVDL accessions were reviewed based on breed(Holstein), age and results of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy(ICP-MS) liver element testing. The ove...

The Cpx1 and Cyc6 genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are activated in copper-deficient cells via a signal transduction pathway that requires copper response elements (CuREs) and a copper response regulator defined by the CRR1 locus. The two genes can also be activated by provision of nickel or cobalt ions in the medium. The response to nickel ions requires at least one CuRE and also CRR1 functi...

The Cpx1 and Cyc6 genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are activated in copper-deficient cells via a signal transduction pathway that requires copper response elements (CuREs) and a copper response regulator defined by the CRR1 locus. The two genes can also be activated by provision of nickel or cobalt ions in the medium. The response to nickel ions requires at least one CuRE and also CRR1 functi...