Fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance is highly prevalent among clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, limiting treatment options. We have reported previously that highly virulent strains containing the exoU gene of the type III secretion system are more likely to be FQ-resistant than strains containing the exoS gene, as well as more likely to acquire resistance-conferring mutations in gyrA/B an...

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved morphogenic process defined by the loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is associated with increased aggressiveness, invasiveness, and metastatic potential in carcinoma cells. To assess the contribution of extracellular vesicles following EMT, we conducted a proteomic analysis of exos...

Exoenzyme S (ExoS), which has been implicated as a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, catalyzes transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD+ to many eukaryotic cellular proteins. Its preferred substrates include Ras and several other 21- to 25-kDa GTP-binding proteins. ExoS absolutely requires a ubiquitous eukaryotic protein factor, termed FAS (factor activating ExoS), for enzymatic activ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading pathogen that has become increasingly resistant to the fluoroquinolone antibiotics due to widespread prescribing. Adverse outcomes have been shown for patients infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. The type III secretion system (TTSS) is a major virulence determinant during acute infections through the injection of effector toxins into host cells. ...

A collection of 63 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with ulcerative keratitis, collected from six centres in England, were typed using serotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR, and screened for several variable virulence-related genotypes and phenotypes. Sixty-one percent of the isolates were of either serotype O1 or serotype O11, but there was no evidence for a common c...

Exosomes are nanosized membrane-bound extracellular vesicles with the capacity to modify functions and behaviors of recipient cells via transferring unique biological information. Mounting evidence suggests that under developmental conditions, mesenchymal cell-derived exosomes capable mediating intercellular communication between epithelium mesenchyme during organogenesis salivary gland, tooth,...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen, is a frequent cause of severe hospital-acquired infections. Effectors produced by the type III secretion system disrupt mammalian cell membrane trafficking and signaling and are integral to the establishment of P. aeruginosa infection. One of these effectors, ExoS, ADP-ribosylates several host cell proteins, including Ras and...

Kinetic analysis of two mutations within Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S (ExoS) showed that a E379D mutation inhibited expression of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity but had little effect on the expression of NAD glycohydrolase activity while a E381D mutation inhibited expression of both activities. These data identify ExoS as a biglutamic acid ADP-ribosyltransferase, where E381 is the cataly...

Abstract Background Diabetic wounds threaten the health and quality of life patients their treatment remains challenging. ADSC-derived exosomes have shown encouraging results in enhancing diabetic wound healing. However, how to use effectively is a problem that needs be addressed at present. Methods A mouse skin model was established. (ADSC-Exos) were isolated, vitro application evaluated using...

Abstract Background and Aims Peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a long-term renal replacement therapy is limited by peritoneal fibrosis. The purpose of our study was to identify the mechanism mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) in regulating transdifferentiation fibroblasts (FBs) myofibroblasts (MFBs) dialysis-associated Method experimental mice were divided into 3 groups according treat...