Background: In all countries, health expenditures are a main part of government expenditure, and governments try to find policies and strategies to reduce this expenditure. Overall expenditure index has been raised 30 times during the past 20 years in Iran, while in the health sector, the growth in health expenditures index has been 71 times. The present study aimed at examining health care exp...

The ability to accurately and reliably monitor physical activity and energy expenditure has emerged as a critical component to weight management and the prevention of lifestyle related health problems. Current methods and tools used by researchers, clinical practitioners, and individuals to assess physical activity and energy expenditure were reviewed and found to have practicality and accuracy...

background access to appropriate and affordable healthcare is needed to achieve better health outcomes in africa. however, access to healthcare remains low, especially among the poor. in zambia, poor access exists despite the policy by the government to remove user fees in all primary healthcare facilities in the public sector. the paper has two main objectives: (i) to examine the factors assoc...

We examined the relationship between energy expenditure (in kcal) and epinephrine (Epi), norepinephrine (NE), and growth hormone (GH) release. Ten men [age, 26 yr; height, 178 cm; weight, 81 kg; O(2) uptake at lactate threshold (LT), 36.3 ml. kg(-1). min(-1); peak O(2) uptake, 49.5 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)] were tested on six randomly ordered occasions [control, 5 exercise: at 25 and 75% of the diff...

in welfare economic studies, because of the differences among households scale, we cannot consider household expenditures without attention to this factor. a simple method to consider household scale in welfare analysis is the usage of the per capita expenditure. but, the usage of per capita expenditure ignores economies of scale. in fact, per capita expenditure is a biased variable, and underv...

We examine the effects of disaggregated government expenditure on investment using fixedand random-effect methods. Using the government budget constraint, we explore the effects of taxand debt-financed expenditure for the full sample, and for sub-samples of developed and developing countries. In general, tax-financed government expenditure crowds out more investment than debtfinanced expenditur...

BACKGROUND Accurate determination of caloric requirements is essential to avoid feeding-associated complications in critically ill patients. METHODS In critically ill cancer patients we compared the measured and estimated resting energy expenditures. All patients admitted to the oncology intensive care unit between March 2004 and July 2005 were considered for inclusion. For those patients enr...

This paper presents and investigates a new class of equivalent-expenditure functions that is a generalization of the one that corresponds to exact (independent-of-base) equivalence scales. It provides less restrictive household demands, especially for children’s goods, and has associated equivalence scales that may depend on expenditure. We show that, under certain conditions, equivalent-expend...

it is well-established that for a considerable period the united kingdom has spent proportionally less of its gross domestic product (gdp) on health-related services than almost any other comparable country. average european spending on health (as a % of gdp) in the period 1980 to 2013 has been 19% higher than the united kingdom, indicating that comparable countries give far greater fiscal prio...

Background/Objective: Orphan drugs are medicinal products which treat life-threatening or chronically debilitating diseases which aff ect small patient populations. So far there is a substantial knowledge gap on actual expenditure on orphan drugs in Serbia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide insight into the expenditure trends of orphan drugs in Serbia. Material and methods: Annual...