The main goal of microarray experiments is to select a small subset of genes that are differentially expressed among competing mRNA samples. For a given set of such mRNA samples, it is possible to consider a number of two-color cDNA microarray designs with a fixed number of arrays. Appropriate criteria can be used to select an efficient design from such a set of alternative experimental designs...

A primary advantage of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) over other techniques in neuroscience is its flexibility. Researchers have used fMRI to study a remarkable diversity of topics, from basic processes of perception and memory, to the complex mechanisms of economic decision making and moral cognition. The chief contributor to this experimental flexibility-indeed, to the growth of...

The aim of this study is to calculate sample size and power for several varieties of general full factorial designs, in order to help researchers to avoid the waste of resources by collecting surplus data before designing experiments. It was found out that the calculations were significantly affected by many factors in full factorial experimental designs, such as number of levels for each facto...

A multi-attribute, stated-preference approach is used to value low and high impact actions on four major landscape components addressed by the Rural Environment Protection Scheme in Ireland. Several methodological issues are addressed: the use of prior beliefs on the relative magnitudes of parameters, standardized description of different levels of landscape improvements via image manipulation ...

Interventions often involve a sequence of decisions. For example, clinicians frequently adapt the intervention to an individual's outcomes. Altering the intensity and type of intervention over time is crucial for many reasons, such as to obtain improvement if the individual is not responding or to reduce costs and burden when intensive treatment is no longer necessary. Adaptive interventions ut...

Chambers and Quiggin (2000) have used state-contingent production theory to establish important results concerning economic behaviour in the presence of uncertainty, including problems of consumer choice, the theory of the firm, and principal-agent relationships. Empirical application of the state contingent approach has proved difficult, not least because most of the data needed for applying s...

In many manufacturing operations, a system may exhibit dynamic behavior before reaching a steady-state level. This is most frequently associated with a transition in production like a product style change or a grade change. During the transition phase, the output does not respond instantaneously to a change in input. However, there is typically some information about the past transition phase p...

a. Experimental designs are characterized by the use of randomized assignment to research groups to control for the effects of influences, other than the program’s, that would confound one’s understanding of the program effects. Practical and ethical problems with the use of experimental designs in the evaluation of the effectiveness of programs with human subjects. i. It isn’t always possible ...