Artifact flow represents an important aspect of teaching/learning processes, especially in CSCL situations in which complex relationships may be found. However, explicit modeling of CSCL processes with artifact flow may increase the cognitive load and associated effort of the teachers-designers and therefore decrease the efficiency of the design process. The empirical study, reported in this pa...

Research on the effect of implicit and explicit instruction on developing learners’ explicit knowledge by the use of measures of explicit knowledge abounds in the literature. However, measuring learners’ implicit knowledge employing fine-grained measures has rarely been the concern of researchers in the field. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to scrutinize the effectiveness of implici...

This paper examines some common logical notions, their explicit encoding in English and in Chinese, their representations in logic, and their semantic characterizations. Detailed treatments are given to the analysis of the necessary condition and the counterfactual protasisinducer ‘yàobúshì’ (if-not-be) in Chinese. Factors affecting the comprehension of these terms are explored in detail. Given...

We provide explicit sufficient conditions for a polynomial f to be a sum of squares (s.o.s.), linear in the coefficients of f . All conditions are simple and provide an explicit description of a convex polyhedral subcone of the cone of s.o.s. polynomials of degree at most 2d. We also provide a simple condition to ensure that f is s.o.s., possibly after adding a constant.

In this paper, we give explicit expressions of (P ± Q)d of two matrices P and Q, in terms of P, Q, Pd and Qd, under the condition that PQ = P 2, and apply the result to finding an explicit representation for the Drazin inverse of a 2×2 block matrix [ A B C D ] under some conditions.

We propose an exact controllability result for Schrödinger equations in bounded domains under the Bardos–Lebeau–Rauch geometric control condition with an estimate of the control which is explicit with respect to the time of controllability. Also, we prove an explicit in time logarithmic observability estimate for the Schrödinger equation, where no geometrical conditions are supposed on the domain.

In this experiment, we examined the extent to which error-driven learning may operate under implicit learning conditions. We compared error monitoring in a sequence learning task in which stimuli consisted of regular, irregular, or random sequences. Subjects were either informed (explicit condition) or not informed (implicit condition) about the existence of the sequence. For both conditions, r...

There is ongoing debate about the contribution of explicit processes to incidental learning, particularly attention, working memory and control mechanisms. Studies generally measure explicit process contributions to incidental learning by comparing dual- to single-task sequence learning on some variant of a Serial Reaction Time (SRT), usually adopting an auditory tone counting task as the secon...