Transcriptomes are known to organize themselves into gene co-expression clusters or modules where groups of genes display distinct patterns coordinated synchronous expression across independent biological samples. The functional significance these is suggested by the fact that highly coexpressed tend be enriched in involved common functions and processes. While widely assumed reflect close regu...

The emergence of complex patterns of organization close to the Cambrian boundary is known to have happened over a (geologically) short period of time. It involved the rapid diversification of body plans and stands as one of the major transitions in evolution. How it took place is a controversial issue. Here we explore this problem by considering a simple model of pattern formation in multicellu...

The paradigm of gene regulation was forever changed by the discovery that short RNA duplexes could directly regulate gene expression. Most regulatory roles attributed to noncoding RNA were often repressive. Recent observations are beginning to reveal that duplex RNA molecules can stimulate gene transcription. These RNA activators employ a wide array of mechanisms to up-regulate transcription of...