gamma rays pose enough energy to remove electrons from atoms of absorbing material including human body and adversely affect human health. the external exposure of human beings to natural environmental gamma radiation normally exceeds that from all man-made sources combined. therefore, we monitored gamma dose rate in indoor environments and estimated corresponding annual effective dose in selec...

Introduction Radiation exposures from diagnostic medical examinations are generally low and are almost always justified by the benefits of accurate diagnosis of possible disease conditions. Therefore, entrance skin dose (ESD), body organ dose (BOD), and effective dose (ED) from adult patients undergoing routine thorax posterior-anterior (PA) and thorax right lateral (RLAT) were estimated in Uni...

a study on natural radioactivity in virgin and agricultural soil samples collected from sungai petani was conducted using high-purity germanium. the mean activity concentrations of 226ra, 232th, and 40k in virgin soils were 51.06±5.83, 78.44±6.42, and 125.66±7.26 bq kg−1, respectively, while those in agricultural soils were 80.63±5.78, 116.87±7.87, and 200.66±18.24 bq kg−1, respectively. the co...

Introduction: The CT Provide high quality images, especially in low-contrast soft tissue, are another advantage. Along with all the benefits that the CT scans which have, the patient dose of this modality is much greater than other methods. As a result, medical imaging community must ensure that the benefits of radiological examination for each patient are higher than related r...

In 1990, a joint Nordic-Russian project was initiated in order to make independent estimations of the effective dose to selected groups of inhabitants in a highly contaminated area around the city of Novozybkov in the western Bryansk region of Russia. The inhabitants were living in six villages with initial contamination levels of (137)Cs between 0.9 and 2.7 MBq m(-2). Some villages had been de...

introduction: occupational exposure to ionizing radiation due to medical activities (both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures) has increased sharply in recent years. among the occupationally exposed workers in these fields, those most affected by this increased exposure to ionizing radiation are nuclear medicine workers. in this study, annual average effective dose, annual collective effectiv...

background: the concentrations of radionuclides like 226ra, 232th and 40k and the dose rate are measured in igneous and metamorphic rock formations in and around chickmagalur. a total of 236 samples from 13 different locations around study area were analyzed. materials and methods: the activity concentrations of the three radioactive elements were determined for mean period of 25000 s using hpg...