We report on a unique combination of multiple variations concerning the pectoral muscles and the left external jugular vein. Specifically, a bilateral hypoplasia of the medial clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle was noticed along with the coexistence of total right pectoralis minor aplasia, substituted by loose connective and fatty tissue. Simultaneously, a supernumerary anterior-...

Anatomic and morphologic variations of the facial vein are of immense importance for surgeons doing reconstructive surgery. In view of this surgical significance, 52 adult cadavers (104 sides) were dissected to study the drainage pattern of the facial vein. Eight out of 104 sides (7.7%) showed an anomalous coursing of the facial vein to drain into the external jugular vein. One among these eigh...

BACKGROUND Central venous access is an essential part of patient management in many clinical settings and is usually achieved with a blinded, external landmark-guided technique. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether an ultrasound technique can improve on the traditional method. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively evaluated an ultrasound-guided method in 302 patients undergoing int...

The central venous cannulation is commonly performed in the operating rooms and intensive care units for various purposes. Although the central venous catheter (CVC) is used in many ways, the malpositioning of the CVC is often associated with serious complications. We report a case of an unexpected malposition of a CVC in the jugular venous arch via external jugular vein.