We have studied the effect of Rb+ on K channel closing kinetics in toadfish pancreatic islet cells. These channels are voltage dependent, activating at voltages positive to -10 mV. The channels also inactivate upon prolonged depolarizations, and the inactivation time course is best fit by the sum of two exponentials. Instantaneous current-voltage relationships show that external Rb+ enters the ...

Ionic currents through fast sodium channels in the neuronal somatic membrane were measured under voltage clamp conditions using external solutions of normal and low pH. Voltage-dependent inhibition of ionic currents through open channels was observed in acidic solutions. The voltage-dependent block of sodium channels may be explained by the presence of two acid groups at the channel. The parame...

The potential drop across a bipolar membrane was measured as a function of the applied current density. As a result, an inflection point was observed in the obtained current-voltage curve at high current density. This inflection point indicates that at high current densities water supply from outside of the bipolar membrane to the interface between a cation and an anion exchange layer is the ra...

We study transport properties of two Josephson junctions coupled by an external shunt resistance. One of the junctions (say, the first) is driven by an unbiased ac current consisting of two harmonics. The device can rectify the ac current yielding a dc voltage across the first junction. For some values of coupling strength, controlled by an external shunt resistance, a dc voltage across the sec...

We present a detailed study of the dynamic response of a ring of N equally spaced Josephson junctions to a time-periodic external flux, including screening current effects. The dynamics are described by the resistively shunted Josephson junction model, appropriate for proximity effect junctions, and we include Faraday’s law for the flux. We find that the time-averaged I−V characteristics show n...

In this study, we designed the OTA circuit for Gm-C active filter using the direct transform method that has capable of various frequency tuning. The OTA make it enable filter design that can be used in various frequency bands due to control trans-conductance by using external voltage control. Our OTA circuit can be used for active filter of CDMA also other device that use other frequency bands...

In this study, a novel variable impedance control for a lower-limb rehabilitation robotic system using voltage control strategy is presented. The majority of existing control approaches are based on control torque strategy, which require the knowledge of robot dynamics as well as dynamic of patients. This requires the controller to overcome complex problems such as uncertainties and nonlinearit...

We have studied the interactions of Ba ion with K channels. Ba2+ blocks these channels when applied either internally or externally in millimolar concentrations. Periodic depolarizations enhance block with internal Ba2+, but diminish the block caused by external Ba2+. At rest, dissociation of Ba2+ from blocked channels is very slow, as ascertained by infrequent test pulses applied after washing...

Electrochromic materials have the possibility to change their colour reversibly when they are transformed in a differently charged state. By applying an external voltage, charged molecules move towards the electrodes where they accept or donate an electron, and obtain a different colour. When the external voltage is switched off, they return to their initial colour. Recently electrochromism has...