This paper discusses the basic concepts and current state of development of EUV lithography (EUVL), a relatively new form of lithography that uses extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 14 nanometer (nm) to carry out projection imaging. Currently, and for the last several decades, optical projection lithography has been the lithographic technique used in the...

in order to determine the best form factor formula for loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) plantations in talesh (western guilan province-iran), a number of 110 trees were selected based on their distribution in diameter classes, from 12 to 34 cm (in a two- cm diameter interval). first, several quantitative factors including diameter at breast height, diameter at 0.65 m of height, and diameter at st...

Expo 2010 Shanghai China was a successful, splendid and unforgettable event, remaining us with valuable experiences. The visitor flow pattern of Expo is investigated in this paper. The Hurst exponent, mean value and standard deviation of visitor volume prove that the visitor flow is fractal with long-term stability and correlation as well as obvious fluctuation in short period. Then the time se...

System Metaphor is one of the key practices of Extreme Programming (XP). Unfortunately, the System Metaphor practice is poorly understood, and is the practice XP teams most commonly choose to ignore. In this paper, we provide a small collection of patterns that teams can use to develop metaphors for their systems, and for evaluating system metaphors. We hope these patterns will encourage Extrem...

A newly developed microstructure‐sensitive extreme value probabilistic framework for fatigue variability based on computational polycrystal plasticity is exercised to compare the driving forces for fatigue crack formation (nucleation and early growth) at room temperature for four different microstructure variants of duplex a Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy. The aforementioned probabilistic framew...

An asymptotic model for extreme behavior of certain Markov chains is the ``tail chain''. Generally taking the form of a multiplicative random walk, it is useful in deriving extremal characteristics such as point process limits. We place this model in a more general context, formulated in terms of extreme value theory for transition kernels, and extend it by formalizing the distinction between e...