OBJECTIVE The present study tested the proposed five-factor structure and invariance of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) in a sample of physically active breast cancer survivors. METHODS A sample of breast cancer survivors (N=470, Mage=57.3, SD=7.8 years) completed the PTGI and a demographic questionnaire. The factor structure, factorial invariance, and late...

Although previous research has examined cross-cultural differences in personality, many of these studies neglected to first establish that the measures being used were equivalent in meaning across cultures. Using samples of Chinese, Greek, and American respondents, the measurement equivalence of the Big Five Mini-Markers [Saucier, G. (1994). Mini-markers: A brief version of Goldberg’s unipolar ...

This simulation study investigated the empirical Type I error rates of using the maximum likelihood estimation method and Pearson covariance matrix for multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) of full and strong measurement invariance hypotheses with mixed item format data that are ordinal in nature. The results indicate that mixed item formats and sample size combinations do not result...

Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was applied to the responses of 4,909 employees of a multinational organization with locations in 50 countries to examine the measurement equivalence of otherwise identical Web-based and paper-and-pencil versions of 20 items comprising the transformational leadership component of Bass and Avolio’s Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The results supporte...

Establishing the measurement equivalence of instruments is a prerequisite to making meaningful comparisons between individuals or within individuals over time. Whereas previous research has investigated the effects of rater characteristics on the measurement equivalence of performance ratings, the current study investigated a ratee characteristic – ratee job experience. Using confirmatory facto...

This study tested for measurement invariance of VandeWalle’s (1997) goal orientation instrument across Korean and American workers using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Across groups, learning and proving orientations were invariant, but avoiding goal orientation was partially noninvariant. Implications for goal orientation and comparisons between Korean and American respondents are d...

Guenole and Brown (2014) have shown how failure to meet invariance criteria affects to path coefficients in SEM. In applied research context, these authors suggest testing non-invariance to detect possible undesired effects in the subsequent model evaluation. According to this line of argument, this work intends to show the negative consequences of ignoring the property of invariance when a sca...

Researchers often compare groups of individuals on psychological variables. When comparing groups an assumption is made that the instrument measures the same psychological construct in all groups. If this assumption holds, the comparisons are valid and differences/similarities between groups can be meaningfully interpreted. If this assumption does not hold, comparisons and interpretations are n...

This study’s purpose was to examine the psychometric properties of two new scales developed to quantitatively measure participants’ ownership in exercise classes and empowerment with respect to exercise. These two outcome measures will compliment Achievement Goal Perspective Theory (AGPT) grounded research to better understand participants’ exercise experiences. College exercise class participa...