In this paper, we investigate the transmission probabilities in three cases (depending only on legitimate receiver, depending eavesdropper, and both receiver eavesdropper) quantum key distribution (QKD) systems over free-space optical links. To be more realistic, consider a generalized pointing error scenario, where azimuth elevation angles caused by stochastic jitters vibrations platform are i...

The coal gasifier is the core unit of gasification system. Due to its exposure high temperatures, pressures, and aggressive media, it highly susceptible serious accidents in event failure. Therefore, important for perform failure-risk assessment understand safety status provide measures. Bayesian networks (BNs) risk analysis process systems has received a lot attention due powerful inference ca...

The web has become a ubiquitous tool, used in day-to-day work, to find information and conduct business, and it is revolutionising the role and availability of information. One of the problems encountered in web interaction, which is still unsolved, is the navigation problem, whereby users can “get lost in hyperspace”, meaning that when following a sequence of links, i.e. a trail of information...

In this paper, we study N-policy for a finite population Bernoulli feedback queueing model for machine repair problem with degraded failure. The running times of the machines between breakdowns have an exponential distribution. The repair times of the machines are independent and identically distributed random variables. If at any time a machine fails, it is sent to the repairman for repairing,...

A new simulation approach, called`subset simulation', is proposed to compute small failure probabilities encountered in reliability analysis of engineering systems. The basic idea is to express the failure probability as a product of larger conditional failure probabilities by introducing intermediate failure events. With a proper choice of the conditional events, the conditional failure probab...

Comparison of calculated failure probabilities technical systems with observed frequencies is an important part the assessment probabilistic calculations and can point to significant factors that are neglected in calculations. Recent comparisons nuclear power plants, bridges, dams have shown values correspond surprisingly well. In addition, although various could be identified which both positi...