The federal government supports some private activities—such as home ownership, postsecondary education, and certain commercial ventures—through credit assistance offered to individuals and businesses. Some of that assistance is in the form of direct federal loans, and some is through federal guarantees of loans made by private financial institutions. At the end of fiscal year 2011, about $2.7 ...

Fundamental economic principles provide a rationale for requiring financial institutions to use mark-to-market, or fair value, accounting for financial reporting. The recent turmoil in financial markets, however, has raised questions about whether fair value accounting is exacerbating the problems. In this paper, we review the history and practice of fair value accounting, and summarize the lit...

The explosion of financial crisis induced an argument about the accounting of fair value in the whole world, and the influence of the fair value measurement on the bank profit begun to be noticed by the public. In the background that Chinese commercial banks successively implemented the shareholding reform and begun to come into the market, it is practical and meaningful to analyze the influenc...