In order to evaluate the possibility of compression of axillar artery by medial and lateral fascicle of brachial plexus, authors performed 26 axillar dissections on cadavers. Second part included analysis of 24 selective angiograms of axillar artery of patients with diagnosis of TOS. Third part included the use of modified hyperabduction test for determination of vascular bruit as safe test for...

Experimental and imaging studies in monkeys have outlined various long association fiber bundles within the temporoparietal region. In the present study the trajectory of the middle longitudinal fascicle (MdLF) has been delineated in 4 human subjects using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging segmentation and tractography. The MdLF seems to extend from the inferior parietal lobule (IPL),...

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the cornerstone for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, it yields unsatisfactory outcomes requiring repeat procedures especially in persistent AF. Additional linear ablation, or of complex fractionated electrograms, rotors ganglionated plexi prolongs procedure time and increases complications with small additional benefits. We evaluated efficacy a ...

This study examines the effect of fascicle length change on motor-unit recruitment and discharge rate in the human tibialis anterior (TA) during isometric contractions of various intensities. The torque produced during dorsiflexion and the surface and intramuscular electromyograms (EMGs) from the TA were recorded in eight subjects. The behavior of the same motor unit (n = 59) was compared at tw...

Muscle fascicles insert into a sheet-like aponeurosis. Adjacent aponeuroses are structurally in contact with each other, and ultimately merge into a common tendon. Consequently, fascicle shortening in planes of tissue layers in adjacent compartments must cause sliding between aponeuroses parallel to the acting forces. In this study, we used velocity-encoded, phase-contrast, and water-saturated ...

We investigated the behavior of the muscle tendon unit (MTU) of the medial gastrocnemius muscle during cyclic ankle bending exercise at eight different frequencies (ranging from 1.33 to 3.67 Hz). The changes in the length of fascicle in the muscle during the exercises were determined by real-time ultrasound imaging. The coordinates of anatomical references and the ground reaction force were det...

The recruitment characteristics of fascicle-selective nerve stimulation by a multigroove electrode have been investigated both theoretically and in acute experiments. A three-dimensional (3-D) volume conductor model of fascicles in a multigroove device and a model of myelinated nerve fiber stimulation were used to calculate threshold stimuli of nerve fibers in these fascicles. After their expos...

Humans walk and run over a wide range of speeds with remarkable efficiency. For steady locomotion, moving at different speeds requires the muscle-tendon units of the leg to modulate the amount of mechanical power the limb absorbs and outputs in each step. How individual muscles adapt their behavior to modulate limb power output has been examined using computer simulation and animal models, but ...

Ultrasound imaging is often used to measure muscle fascicle lengths and pennation angles in human muscles in vivo. Theoretically the most accurate measurements are made when the transducer is oriented so that the image plane aligns with muscle fascicles and, for measurements of pennation, when the image plane also intersects the aponeuroses perpendicularly. However this orientation is difficult...

BACKGROUND Dynamic measurements of human muscle fascicle length from sequences of B-mode ultrasound images have become increasingly prevalent in biomedical research. Manual digitisation of these images is time consuming and algorithms for automating the process have been developed. Here we present a freely available software implementation of a previously validated algorithm for semi-automated ...