16 Recent reports from Australia suggest that cobalt chloride is being used in racehorses 17 competing in New South Wales and Victoria. Although these are the first such reports, it is 18 suspected that cobalt chloride may have been used illegally for some time. Cobalt chloride is 19 a well-established hypoxia mimetic that is used experimentally to stabilise hypoxia-inducible 20 factor 1  (HIF...

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) causing fatal pulmonary hypertension is a rare presentation of malignancy. In general, patients with PTTM rapidly succumb to death due to severe hypoxia. To date, very few cases of PTTM have been reported in the literature; and most of these cases were from gastric cancer and were diagnosed on post mortem autopsy, as it is extremely challenging ...

Primary and secondary glioblastomas (GBMs) are two distinct diseases. The genetic and epigenetic background of these tumors is highly variable. The treatment procedure for these tumors is often unsuccessful because of the cellular heterogeneity and intrinsic ability of the tumor cells to invade healthy tissues. The fatal outcome of these tumors promotes researchers to find out new markers assoc...

the influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on gill histopathology of great sturgeon (huso huso) was evaluated in two weight classes (initial weight 280.9?49.2 g and 1217.9?138.1 g respectively). oxygen treatments included hypoxia (2-3 mg/l), normoxia (5-6 mg/l) and hyperoxia (9-10 mg/l). the fish were acclimated to experimental tanks for one week then randomly distributed into 9 tanks in e...

a periodic increase in blood pressure (bp) occurs during apneic episodes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (osa). several factors including hypoxemia and an increase in heart rate (hr) were reported to be responsible for this increased bp. to examine the contribution of these two factors in increasing bp, 35 healthy male subjects (mean age±sd= 23.64±3.80) were studied in three experiment...

background: mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are important candidates for msc-based cellular therapy. current paradigm states that mscs support local progenitor cells in damaged tissue through paracrine signaling. therefore, study of paracrine effects and secretome of mscs could lead to the appreciation of mechanisms and molecules associated with the therapeutic effects of these cells. this study ...

  Objective(s): Hypoxia is a serious challenge for treatment of solid tumors. This condition has been manifested to exert significant therapeutic effects on glioblastoma multiform or (WHO) astrocytoma grade IV. Hypoxia contributes numerous changes in cellular mechanisms such as angiogenesis, metastasis and apoptosis evasion. Furthermore, in molecular level, hypoxia can cause induction of DNA br...

Effects of acute systemic hypoxia on the cardiovascular system (CYS) and respiration of spontaneously breathing cats were studied in two conditions. 1): Hypoxic air (6-8% 02 in N2) was given to the animal to induce systemic hypoxia for 20 minutes. Hyperventilation at this condition lowered arterial C02 tension (PaC02 hypocapnia). 2): In the second run, induction of hypocapnia was prevented ...

Asthmatic patients who experience an acute, severe attack requiring hospitalisation, intensive care admission or who die as a result of the attack make up a relatively small percentage of the total asthma population [1]. However, they contribute disproportionately to the human and economic cost of this disease. It has long been held that it should be possible to identify such individuals ahead ...