Fault geometry, depth, and slip distribution of the Sanriku-oki earthquake of December 28, 1994 (Ms 7.5) are estimated from seismic waveforms, geodetic measurements, and tsunami waveforms, and compared with those of the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw 8.2), the most recent large earthquake in the epicentral region. Seismic wave inversions indicate a shallowly dipping thrust type mechanism and t...

High power industrial machinery such as steam turbines and large pumps use journal bearings as rotor supports because this type of bearing is a high load carrying capacity. However, abnormal operating conditions in the journal bearings will degrade machine performance, shorten life time and increase the risk of operation. Bearing condition monitoring can detect faults at early stage and hence m...

Study of contact and friction at multiple length scales is necessary for the effective design and analysis of surfaces in sliding microand nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). As loading forces decrease in such applications, the size of the asperity contacts tends to decrease into the nano scale regime. Also with the increase in surface area to volume ratio in such systems, the surface f...

A detailed model of the role of asperities in crack closure has been initiated in Part 1 of this article. Crack opening stress is defined as the far-field stress required to overcome the asperity-induced contact stresses along the crack. In this Part 2, the magnitude of crack opening stress is established as a function of roughness (s0); asperity density (N); maximum stress level (Smax/Sy); sha...

Abstract Laboratory measurements can determine the potential for geologic materials to generate unstable (seismic) slip, but a direct relation between sliding behavior in laboratory and physical characteristics observable field is lacking, especially phyllosilicate-rich gouges that are widely observed natural faults. We integrated friction experiments with surface topography microscopy demonstr...

The water cycle in subduction zones is closely related to the generation of large earthquakes and arc magmas. Outer-rise hydrated faults subducting with oceanic lithosphere are suspected be important for cycle. However, geophysical evidence intraslab beneath forearc scarce. Here we present high-resolution P-wave anisotropic tomography Tohoku derived from arrival-time data recorded at both onsho...

We propose a fourth-order staggered-grid finite-difference method to study dynamic faulting in three dimensions. The method uses an implementation of the boundary conditions on the fault that allows the use of general friction models including slip weakening and rate dependence. Because the staggered-grid method defines stresses and particle velocities at different grid points, we preserve symm...

We present a rupture model of the Hector Mine earthquake (M 7.1), determined from the joint inversion of strong-motion records, P and SH teleseismic body waves, Global Positioning System (GPS) displacement vectors, and measured surface offset. We solve for variable local slip, rake angle, rise time, and rupture velocity of a finite-fault model involving multiple segments. The inversion methodol...

[1] Acoustic emissions and tremor‐like signals are widely recorded in laboratory experiments. We are able to isolate the physical origins of these signals using high resolution nanoseismic analysis. The use of a picometer‐sensitive, wide‐band sensor array permits us to determine force‐time functions and focal mechanisms for discrete events found amid the “noise” of friction, similar to how low ...