CONTEXT Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are thought to engulf the remains of dead adipocytes in obesity, potentially resulting in increased intracellular neutral lipid content. Lipid-laden macrophages (foam cells [FCs]) have been described in atherosclerotic lesions and have been proposed to contribute to vascular pathophysiology, which is enhanced in obesity. OBJECTIVE The objective of thi...

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was developed in 1972 by Magde, Elson and Webb. Photon counting detectors and avalanche photodiodes have become standards in FCS to the point that there is a widespread belief that these detectors are essential to perform FCS experiments, despite the fact that FCS was developed using analog detectors. Spatial and temporal intensity fluctuation correla...

Retinal explants cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) exhibit an increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase which is maximal several hours after explantation. The measured activity of this enzyme is higher in explants of retinas whose optic nerve had been crushed several days previously (post-crush, PC) than in control (normal, N) retinas. The addition of rabbit antibodie...

Binding can now be quantified in live cells, but the accuracy of such measurements remains uncertain. To address this uncertainty, we compare fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements of the binding kinetics of a transcription factor, the glucocorticoid receptor, in the nuclei of live cells. We find that the binding residence ...

In recent years fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has become a routine method for determining diffusion coefficients, chemical rate constants, molecular concentrations, fluorescence brightness, triplet state lifetimes, and other molecular parameters. FCS measures the spatial and temporal correlation of individual molecules with themselves and so provides a bridge between classical ens...

Intracellular trafficking and subcellular deposition are critical factors influencing the accumulation and posttranslational modifications of proteins. In seeds, these processes are not yet fully understood. In this study, we set out to investigate the intracellular transport, final destination, N-glycosylation status, and stability of the fusion of recombinant single-chain variable fragments t...

Ultrasensitive detection methods such as laser-induced fluorescence represent the current state-of-the-art in analytics. Single-molecule detection in solution has received a remarkable amount of attention in the last few years because of its applicability to life sciences. Studies have been performed on the fundamentals of the detection processes themselves and on some biological systems. Fluor...

There is analyzed a performance of optimal feedback communication systems with the analog transmitters in the forward channel (AFCS). It is shown that the measures and limit boundaries of AFCS performance are similar but differ from those used in digital communications and information theory. The causes of the differences are discussed.

An analysis of the characteristics of farm businesses by size of FCS direct lending association suggests that further consolidation of FCS lending should have limited negative impacts on credit availability. Commercial-sized farm businesses with FCS real estate debt appeared similar to those who obtained credit from competing lenders, but smaller associations and those with fewer stockholders p...

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) is used to determine concentrations and diffusion constants in the picoto nanomolar concentration region with broad applications in Biology and Chemistry. However, the method is correlated to a broad range of measurement parameters and other factors as background contributions which make quantitative results very often difficult to obtain. Quantitativ...