In this paper we discuss the influence of chemical structures of renewable feedstock oils (RFOs) on the domains of existence and the nano-structures of microemulsions. We compare the results to those of classical microemulsions containing classical n-alkanes. First, the domains of microemulsions obtained from the melt of water, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant, 1-pentanol as co-surfac...

We estimate the profitability of producing biochar from crop residue (corn stover) for two scenarios. The first employs slow pyrolysis to generate biochar and pyrolysis gas and has the advantage of high yields of char (as much as 40 wt-%) but the disadvantage of producing a relatively low-value energy product (pyrolysis gas of modest heating value). The second scenario employs fast pyrolysis to...

The binder plays the most important role in the metal injection molding (MIM) process. It provides fluidity of the feedstock mixture and adhesion of the powder to keep the molded shape during injection molding. The binder must provide strength and cohesion for the molded part and must be easy to remove from the molded part. Moreover, it must be recyclable, environmentally friendly and economica...

In this paper, we introduce an estimate of the ”commercial efficiency” of Santilli’s hadronic reactors of molecular type [1] (Patented and International Patents Pending) which convert a liquid feedstock (such as automotive antifree and oil waste, city or farm liquid waste, crude oil, etc.) into the clean burning magnegas plus heat acquired by the liquid feedstock. The conversion is done via a n...

Biofuels are a new priority in efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels; nevertheless, the rapid increase in production of biofuel feedstock may threaten biodiversity. There are general principles that should be used in developing guidelines for certifying biodiversity-friendly biofuels. First, biofuel feedstocks should be grown with environmentally safe and biodiversity-friendly agricultur...

Fossil fuel shortage is a major challenge worldwide. Therefore, research is currently underway to investigate potential renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is one of the major renewable energy sources that can be obtained from oils and fats by transesterification. However, biodiesel obtained from vegetable oils as feedstock is expensive. Thus, an alternative and inexpensive feedstock such as wa...

Recently, interest in using bioethanol as an alternative to petroleum fuel has been escalating due to decrease in the availability of crude oil. The application of bioethanol in the motor-fuel industry can contribute to reduction in the use of fossil fuels and in turn to decreased carbon emissions and stress of the rapid decline in crude oil availability. Bioethanol production methods are numer...

This study was an attempt to produce bio-oil from empty fruit bunches (EFB) of oil palm waste using fast pyrolysis technology. A 150 g/h fluidised bed bench scale fast pyrolysis unit operating at atmospheric pressure was used to obtain the pyrolysis liquid. A comparison of the elemental composition of unwashed and washed feedstock was made in this study. With the five methods of treatment being...

The high demand to replace the petroleum fuel makes renewable and sustainable sources such as Palm oil, Jatropha oil and Algae as main focus feedstock for biodiesel production in Malaysia. There are many studies conducted on Palm oil and Jatropha oil, however, the use of Algae as an alternative fuel is still in its infancy. Malaysia already implemented B5 based Palm oil as a feedstock and this ...

Biomass and coal gasification is a rapidly developing technology due to the increasing global demand for fossil fuel resources. Gasification is the process of conversion of solid carbonaceous feedstock to a gas mixture containing CO and H2 in the presence of steam or carbon dioxide. Past research on coal gasification has shown that the process requires high temperatures (> 800 oC) and produces ...