The age-specific fertility pattern has a typical shape common in all human populations through years. In order to describe this shape a number of parametric models have been proposed. Recently, the fertility pattern in developed countries exhibits a deviation from the classical one. Recent data sets of the United Kingdom, Ireland and the US show distortions in terms of a bulge in fertility rate...

As the number of cancer survivors continues to increase, oncologists are faced with the challenge of providing cancer therapy to patients who may 1 day want to have children. Yet, gonadotoxic cancer treatments can compromise future fertility, either temporarily or permanently. There are established means of preserving fertility before cancer treatment; specifically, sperm cryopreservation for m...

I use the experience of China’s One Child Policy to examine how fertility restrictions affect economic and social outcomes over the lifetime. The One Child Policy imposed a birth quota and heavy penalties for “out-of-plan” births. Using variation in the fertility penalties across provinces over time, I examine how fertility restrictions imposed early in the lives of individuals affected their e...

Containing over 90 big region, even big Muslim World. It c worlds sixth biggest has grown as a resul needs an appropriate ingredient. This stud Punjab. The analysi measured at district presented by using a summery measures h fertility levels. Thes te (CBR), general fertility rate (GFR), child woman ratio (CWR), marital fertility rate (MFR), gross reproduction rate (GRR), age specific fertility ...

BACKGROUND Although cancer in general affects an aged population, a significant number of women develop cancer at childbearing age. Long-term survival rates after gynecological cancer, especially in young patients are increasing and all quality-of-life aspects, including preservation of fertility have become of major relevance. OUTCOMES Surgical techniques aimed at sparing reproductive organs...

Genetic selection procedures applied to improve broiler performance may negatively impact the subsequent reproductive efficiency of breeders, particularly in males. Identification of traits that reliably indicate individual male fertility would facilitate selection for reproduction. We hypothesized that physical traits, such as comb area, relative testicular weight, and testicular weight asymme...

This paper relates national fertility rates to political factors. I first review evidence that community norms affect fertility, ethnic groups compete politically in many countries, and a group’s relative size affects its ability to compete. This evidence jointly suggests that population growth and fertility may be public goods at the ethnic group level in diverse societies. Next, I present a s...

Fertility corresponds to additive component of the growth of a population. Human fertility is determined by all customs, morals and habits of social groups with regard to marital obligation and life. The main objective of this paper is to examine the causes of fertility among Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes and Tea-Tribes communities of Dibrugarh District, Assam. Does the extent of fertility ...

During the past 20 years fertility patterns within England and Wales have changed considerably. The total fertility rate experienced a prolonged decline during the 1990s and hit a record low in 2001. Since then the level of fertility has increased fairly rapidly. Over the two decades, fertility has been constantly increasing at ages above 30, and as a consequence the mean age of motherhood has ...

This article presents a biosocial model of fertility decline, which integrates ecological-economic and informational-cultural hypotheses of fertility transition in a unified theoretical framework. The model is then applied to empirical data collected among 500 women from San Borja, Bolivia, a population undergoing fertility transition. Using a combination of event history analysis, multiple reg...