Fetuses with neural tube defects (NTDs) may be associated with syndromes, disorders, and maternal and fetal risk factors. This article provides a comprehensive review of syndromes, disorders, and maternal and fetal risk factors associated with NTDs, such as omphalocele, OEIS (omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects) complex, pentalogy of Cantrell, amniotic band sequence, limb-body...

Vitamins are essential for the proper functioning of body, and Folic Acid, also known as Vitamin B9, has many benefits body. Acid contributes to normal development fetus, preventing risk fetal birth defects, mainly represented by neural tube defects orofacial clefts. At same time, deficiency can cause serious health problems. That is why it necessary know roles in symptoms deficiency, but what ...

mutations in any of four known nadph-oxidase components lead to cgd. x-linked cgd (x-cgd) is caused by defects in cybb, the gene that encodes gp91-phox. autosomal recessive (ar) cgd is caused by defects in the genes for p47 phox, p22-phox or p67-phox. the aim of this study was to screen the molecular defect in the fetus of an x-cgd carrier mother and postnatal confirmation of the results. in a ...

BACKGROUND Children with major congenital heart defects are risking impaired cerebral growth, delayed cerebral maturation, and neurodevelopmental disorders. We aimed to compare the cerebral tissue oxygenation of fetuses with major heart defects to that of fetuses without heart defects as estimated by the magnetic resonance imaging modality T2*. T2* is low in areas with high concentrations of de...

Evaluation of the fetal heart at 11-13 + 6 weeks of gestation is indicated for women with a family history of congenital heart defects (CHD), a previous child with CDH, or an ultrasound finding associated with cardiac anomalies. The accuracy for early detection of CHD is highly related to the experience of the operator. The 4-chamber view and outflow tracts are the most important planes for ide...

Congenital defects may be isolated or multiple and represent a relevant cause of spontaneous abortion and fetal death when they are incompatible with the normal embryo-fetal development [1]. Furthermore, the routine prenatal ultrasound examination performed in many countries allows the detection of several major fetal defects and pregnancies are frequently terminated if the fetus is severely af...