BACKGROUND Structural constitutive models of vascular wall integrate information on composition and structural arrangements of tissue. In blood vessels, collagen fibres are arranged in coiled and wavy bundles and the individual collagen fibres have a deviation from their mean orientation. A complete structural constitutive model for vascular wall should incorporate both waviness and orientation...

The complex network structure of elastin and collagen extracellular matrix (ECM) forms the primary load bearing components in the arterial wall. The structural and mechanobiological interactions between elastin and collagen are important for properly functioning arteries. Here, we examined the elastin and collagen organization, realignment, and recruitment by coupling mechanical loading and mul...

Instability of a viscous incompressible flow in a channel with wavy walls is investigated theoretically, numerically and experimentally. Linear stability analysis shows that appropriately chosen wall waviness leads to flow destabilization at surprisingly low Reynolds numbers. The unstable mode of disturbances forms a vortex array, which travels downstream. The remarkable feature is that the mos...

The geometry of leaf margins is an important shape characteristic that distinguishes among different leaf phenotypes. Current definitions of leaf shape are qualitative and do not allow quantification of differences in shape between phenotypes. This is especially true for leaves with some non-trivial three-dimensional (3D) configurations. Here we present a novel geometrical method novel geometri...

The paper presents results obtained using a transient analysis technique for point contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) problems based on a formulation that couples the elastic and hydrodynamic equations. Results are presented for transverse ground surfaces in elliptical point contact that show severe film thinning and asperity contact at the transverse limits of the contact area. This ...

Dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) exhibits superiority of shift invariance, directional selectivity, perfect reconstruction (PR), and limited redundancy and can effectively separate various surface components. However, in nano scale the morphology contains pits and convexities and is more complex to characterize. This paper presents an improved approach which can simultaneously separ...

Abstract Paint appearance is an important requirement for outer automobile panels. Since the last decade automotive manufacturers started reducing paint thickness to address environmental concerns. As a result, surface roughening of steel substrate due stamping becomes critical factor appearance. Although much research work has been conducted on roughening, limited focused waviness and conditio...

In chopped carbon fiber tape reinforced thermoplastic?CTT?material, the anisotropic region of orientation after press molding often causes degradation mechanical properties and damage fracture. This study explores means obtaining shape tensors from molded products then predicting CTT fracture locations. Extensive data obtained by X-ray CT image processing are analyzed using a simple method to c...