Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging medical imaging modality that directly visualizes magnetic particles in a hot-spot like fashion. We recently developed an iron oxide nanoparticle-micelle (ION-Micelle) platform that allows highly sensitive MPI. The goal of this study was to assess the potential of the ION-Micelles for MPI-based detection of thrombi. To this aim, an in vivo carotid ...

P-selectin and PSGL-1 are cell adhesion molecules, regulating the initial interactions between leukocytes and the blood vessel wall as well as between activated platelets and leukocytes. P-selectin is expressed on activated endothelial cells and platelets, while its major ligand PSGL-1 is expressed on leukocytes. Multiple studies have shown that these adhesion molecules are required for the nor...

Plasma cross-linked fibrin-degradation products were analyzed using a D-dimer (DD) immunoassay in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or acute myocardial infarction (MI) treated with fibrinolytic therapy, and the results were correlated with clot lysis documented angiographically. In 13 patients with DVT, the mean DD concentration increased 10-fold (1,074 +/- 252 to 10,333 +/- 1,004 ng/ml)...

Venous thrombi, fibrin- and rbc-rich clots triggered by inflammation and blood stasis, underlie devastating, and sometimes fatal, occlusive events. During intravascular fibrin deposition, rbc are thought to become passively trapped in thrombi and therefore have not been considered a modifiable thrombus component. In the present study, we determined that activity of the transglutaminase factor X...

It has been generally considered that platelets are less important in venous thrombus formation. However, clinical studies have shown an association between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and von Willebrand factor (VWF). We therefore investigated the contribution of VWF and platelet interaction to the onset of VTE using tissues from autopsies and from an animal model. An immunohistochemical study...

The thrombogenic potential of atherosclerotic diet-induced coronary atherosclerotic plaques was investigated in normal swine and in bleeder swine with homozygous von Willebrand disease. Fourteen paired normal and bleeder swine were placed on a 1% cholesterol diet for 1 to 16 weeks. Serum cholesterol was elevated in all animals at sacrifice. Foam cell deposits developed in all major epicardial c...

Circulating soluble fibrin, observed in the blood of patients with ongoing intravascular coagulation, is generated from the plasma protein fibrinogen by the limited proteolytic action of thrombin. We report the production of a monoclonal antibody that discriminates between fibrin and fibrinogen in blood. The synthetic hexapeptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Val-Val-Glu, representing the amino terminus of the a...

We have found glomerular capillary thrombi or afferent arteriolar thrombosis in eight renal biopsy specimens from seven renal allograft recipients. All patients were receiving cyclosporin and prednisolone. Biopsies were performed either routinely one and four weeks after transplantation or during periods of renal dysfunction. None of the patients whose biopsy material contained glomerular throm...

The antithrombotic plasma enzyme, activated protein C (APC), may play a role in thrombolysis. In vitro, acceleration of clot lysis by APC depends on its ability to inhibit the activation of prothrombin. The effect of APC on the assembly and dispersion of fibrin network was studied using turbidimetry, plasmin digestion of fibrin, and electron microscopy of plasma clots. The addition of APC befor...