A featured "vapor transportation" assembly technique was developed to attain layer-by-layer stacking continuous graphene oxide (GO) films on both flat and concavo-concave surfaces. Few-layer (layer number < 10) GO sheets were "evaporated" (carried by water vapor) from the water-dispersed GO suspension and smoothly/uniformly tiled on the substrate surface. We have found evidence of the influence...

Gas desorption from field emitter array (FEA) cathode and phosphor screen anode in a flat panel display during lifetime operation can affect cathode electron emission and degrade display performance and uniformity. We have measured the outgassing products from selected FEA-phosphor pairs in an ultrahigh vacuum system equipped with a calibrated quadrople residual gas analyzer. Different low volt...

Behavior of the xenon dispenser hollow cathode is known to be complex, exhibiting high through-anode ion emission, unusual particle energy distributions, and high plume erosion rates. A flight-type T6 hollow cathode was characterized using several diagnostic methods. Measurements involved a retarding potential analyzer, quadrupole mass spectrometer, and Langmuir probe. Far-field energy, flux, p...

A self-focusing field emission (FE) X-ray tube with a large-area cathode design was simulated and fabricated. The designed X-ray tube had a cylindrically symmetric geometry; the diameter of the cathode and the anode was 15 mm, and the cathode-anode distance was 20 mm. Owing to the unique cup-shaped design of the cathode, the electron beam emitted from the large-area cathode was focused onto the...

Cold cathode electron emission technology is being developed in a variety of forms for spacecraft charge control applications, ranging from solar panel protection to deep space electric propulsion. Cold cathode emission can provide significant efficiency savings (power, weight, space, etc.) over classic approaches (such as thermionic emitters and plasma contactors) for many classes of missions....

We present here measurements of plasma display panel PDP ignited by SrO and SrCaO cold cathodes with high yield of ion-induced secondary electron emission high i . SrOand SrCaO-cathode PDPs attain high luminous efficacy at low applied voltage, where the breakdown voltage is 30% lower than that of ordinary MgO-cathode PDP. Current and emission measurement clearly demonstrates that SrOand SrCaO-c...

Electric fields of repetitively pulsed nanosecond discharges have been measured from electric-field induced Raman scattering by hydrogen molecules. Especially the temporal evolution of the electric field spatial distribution was recorded. With a high-speed optical emission intensity analysis, it has been found that most ionization events take place within a very short period during an ionizatio...

Conditioning of the insert inside a hollow cathode is believed to be important to ensure reliable discharge initiation and subsequent cathode operation. The desorption of contaminates is reported from hollow cathodes as a function of heater power to quantify cathode conditioning characteristics and identify factors that might prevent the fast initiation of a discharge. In addition to conditioni...