Genome sequences offer a broad view of host-pathogen interactions at the systems biology level. With the completion of the sequence of the honey bee, interest in the relevant pathogens is heightened. Here we report the genome sequences of two of the major pathogens of honey bees, the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae (causative agent for American foulbrood disease) and the fungus Ascosphaera apis....

The types of fatty acids produced by two strains each of Bacillus larvae, B. lentimorbus, and B. popilliae, and their distribution patterns, were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. All six organisms produced eight major fatty acids: six branched (iso-C(14), -C(15), -C(16), and -C(17), and anteiso-C(15) and -C(17)), two normal (n-C(14) and -C(16)), and two minor (n-C(15) and monounsaturated n...

We investigated the role of Drosophila larva olfactory system in identification of congeners and aliens. We discuss the importance of these activities in larva navigation across substrates, and the implications for allocation of space and food among species of similar ecologies. Wild type larvae of cosmopolitan D. melanogaster and endemic D. pavani, which cohabit the same breeding sites, used s...

Agriculturally-dominated waterways such as those found throughout the Midwestern United States often experience seasonal pulses of agrichemical contaminants which pose a potential hazard to aquatic organisms at varying life stages. The objective of this study was to characterize the developmental plasticity of fathead minnow larvae in a natural environment subject to a seasonal episodic perturb...

the orange-red spectrum of  the skin of  electric yellow (labidochromis caeruleus) is  one  of  the  idealistic and  necessary  schemas sought  by  aquarists  and commercial producers. in this study, the effect of live foods meal on the skin coloration of juvenile electric yellow was examined. 270 fish with an average living body weight was 0.42 ± 0.11 g, and average total length was 3.3 ± 0.35...

Effects of Daphnia magna enriched with cod liver oil (CLO) as a source of highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) on growth, survival, stress resistance, and fatty acid composition of the Persian sturgeon larvae were evaluated. Daphnia enriched for three different time periods (3, 6, and 9 hours) and non-enriched Daphnia were fed to the Persian sturgeon larvae (average weight 61.6±0.4mg) during 14...

american foulbrood (afb) is the most serious brood disease of the honey bee. traditional methods are reliable but rather slow simply because they are based on biochemical, morphological and physiological identification of cultivated isolates. the aim of this study is the detection of paenibacillus larvae larvae spores in honey and diseased larvae samples by culture and pcr. therefore 54 samp...

in this paper the histopathological observation of the migratory phase of schistosome larvae (schistosomulae) in the laboratory animal were studied. the first tissue samples were taken from the skin of infected animals 30 minutes after exposure to the cercariae and continued daily up to 40 days post infection. the tissue specimens were taken from skin, liver. lung, lymph nodes, kidney, brain, b...

a series of two experiments was conducted to study the optimum dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio of lemon fin barb hybrid larvae. in experiment 1, five isocaloric diets (4700 kcal per kg) ranging from 40 to 60% protein in 5% increments were fed to triplicate groups of lemon fin barb hybrid larvae (initial weight: 0.10 ± 0.01 mg per fish) for 21 days. weight gain of fish was prop...

myiasis is a disease of vertebrate animals caused by different fly larvae. wohlfahrtia magnifica is responsible for serious losses in animal husbandry in eurasia. larvae of w. magnifica parasitize several warm-blooded vertebrates and are responsible for a severe traumatic myiasis of mucosal membranes or wounds. this myiasis has been reported in many european areas, but for the first time was re...