Email spam filters are commonly trained on a sample of recent spam and ham (non-spam) messages. We investigate the effect on filter performance of using samples of spam and ham messages sent months before those to be filtered. Our results show that filter performance deteriorates with the overall age of spam and ham samples, but at different rates. Spam and ham samples of different ages may be ...

It is well known that spammers can forge the header of an email, in particular, the trace information carried in the Received: fields, as an attempt to hide the true origin of the email. Despite its critical importance for spam control and holding accountable the true originators of spam, there has been no systematic study on the forgery behavior of spammers. In this paper, we provide the first...

Spam, the electronic equivalent of junk mail, affects over 600 million users worldwide. Even as anti-spam solutions change to limit the amount of spam sent to users, the senders adapt to make sure their messages are seen. This paper looks at application of the artificial immune system model to protect email users effectively from spam. In particular, it tests the spam immune system against the ...

In this paper we present a detailed study of the behavioral characteristics of spammers based on a two-month email trace collected at a large US university campus network. We analyze the behavioral characteristics of spammers that are critical to spam control, including the distributions of message senders, spam and non-spam messages by spam ratios; the statistics of spam messages from differen...

In this article, we propose a spam image clustering approach that uses data mining techniques to study the image attachments of spam emails with the goal to help the investigation of spam clusters or phishing groups. Spam images are first modeled based on their visual features. In particular, the foreground text layout, foreground picture illustrations and background textures are analyzed. Afte...

Email becomes the major source of communication these days. Most humans on the earth use email for their personal or professional use. Email is an effective, faster and cheaper way of communication. The importance and usage for the email is growing day by day. It provides a way to easily transfer information globally with the help of internet. Due to it the email spamming is increasing day by d...

While enjoying the convenience of email communications, many users have also experienced annoying email spam. Even if the current spam detecting approaches have gained a competitive edge against text-based email spam, they still face the challenge arising from imagebased spam (image spam in short). Image spam normally includes embedded images that contain the spam messages in binary format rath...

In this paper, we aim to explore the possibility of Transformer model in detecting spam Short Message Service (SMS) messages by proposing a modified that is designed for SMS messages. The evaluation our proposed performed on Spam Collection v.1 dataset and UtkMl's Twitter Detection Competition dataset, with benchmark multiple established machine learning classifiers state-of-the-art detection a...

ABSTRACT : With the rapid development of information technology, internet has affect the people in all aspects such as public utilities, telecommunication, financial transaction and defense system, all depends on information technology and their security. The widespread deployment of new technologies had maximized the use of internet to a great extent. But at the same time, the potential attack...