Landfill fire is the most frequent type of incident in waste management complexes. This paper presents a new framework for risk probability evaluation major fires landfills using fuzzy fault tree analysis. The starts with construction landfill comprised 38 basic and 22 intermediate events corresponding faults under managerial, executive, human, environmental conditions. Fault quantitative analy...

BACKGROUND Fire-setting and self-harm behaviours among women in high security special hospitals may be understood using Shye's Action System Theory (AST) in which four functional modes are recognized: 'adaptive', 'expressive', 'integrative', and 'conservative'. AIMS To test for relationships between different forms of fire-setting and self-harm behaviours and AST modes among women in special ...

BACKGROUND A major incident is defined as an event that owing to the number of casualties has the potential to overwhelm the available resources. This paper attempts to describe the incidence and epidemiology of major incidents dealt with by a government-run emergency medical service (EMS) in the Punjab province of Pakistan, a developing country in South Asia. A major incident in this EMS is de...

Thermal ionization of alkali species emitted from thermally decomposing vegetative matter into the combustion zone of a fire makes the zone a weakly ionized gaseous medium. Collision between the medium electrons and neutral flame particles is a dominant form of particle interaction and incident microwave energy absorption process. Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of vegetation fire ha...

Wildfire is a global phenomenon that plays a vital role in regulating and maintaining many natural and human-influenced ecosystems but that also poses considerable risks to human populations and infrastructure. Fire managers are charged with balancing the short-term protection of human assets sensitive to fire exposure against the potential long-term benefits that wildfires can provide to natur...

This numerical study focuses on the fire phenomenology associated with the presence of a composite-type aircraft immersed, at one particular location and orientation, within a large aviation-fuel fire in a moving fluid medium. An extension of the eddy dissipation concept is incorporated, allowing one to investigate the roles of the wind speed and its direction on the fire growth, heat flux dist...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters, which requires that disposable cigarette lighters be resistant to operation by children younger than age 5. METHODS Fire data on children playing with lighters were solicited from selected US fire departments for incidents occurr...

Federal fire management agencies are required by policy to conduct a Wildland Fire Situation Analysis (WFSA) for all fire incidents that have not been suppressed by initial attack efforts. A survey-based study of senior fire and natural resource managers revealed that while the process is generally regarded as a valuable one in fire management decision making, contextual factors can compromise ...

This study presents a methodology of quantitative risk assessment for the scenario an onboard hydrogen storage tank rupture and tunnel fire incident. The application is demonstrated on road tunnel. consequence analysis carried out 70 MPa, 62.4-litre in fire, that has thermally activated pressure relief device (TPRD) failed or blocked during Scenarios with two states charge (SoC) tank, i.e., SoC...