The effect of different kinds of weight normalization on the outcome of a simple competitive learning rule is analysed. It is shown that there are important differences in the representation formed depending on whether the constraint is enforced by dividing each weight by the same amount (“divisive enforcement”), or subtracting a fixed amount from each weight (“subtractive enforcement”). For th...

Nonrobustness refers to qualitative or catastrophic failures in geometric algorithms arising from numerical errors. Section 35.1 provides background on these problems. Although nonrobustness is already an issue in “purely numerical” computation, the problem is compounded in “geometric computation.” In Section 35.2 we characterize such computations. Researchers trying to create robust geometric ...

Two players are allowed to communicate repeatedly through a mediator and then have a direct communication. The device receives private inputs from each of the two players and produces as public output a fixed deterministic function of the inputs. After the communication terminates the players play an arbitrary finite complete information normal form game. We show that any correlated equilibrium...

We show that dependence of production on foreign inputs (or non-producible natural resources) can significantly increase the likelihood of indeterminacy. Payment of imported foreign factors of production may act as a semi-fixed cost, amplifying production externalities and returns to scale, making selffulfilling expectations driven busyness cycles easier to arise. This is demonstrated using a s...

Referring to Figure 1, a system for using a PLL to generate higher frequencies than the input, the VCO oscillates at an angular frequency of ωO. A portion of this signal is fed back to the error detector, via a frequency divider with a ratio 1/N. This divided down frequency is fed to one input of the error detector. The other input in this example is a fixed reference signal. The error detector...

The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) performance over Na-W-Mn/SiO2 at elevated pressures has been simulated by adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) using reaction data gathered in an isothermal fixed bed microreactor. In the designed neuro fuzzy models, three important parameters such as methane to oxygen ratio, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), and reaction temperature were conside...

In the traditional cost-efficiency model, the information about each decision unit includes inputs, outputs, and the input prices are fixed and specific. In practice, the price of the inputs often fluctuates at different times, and these prices for the decision-making unit are time-dependent. By the traditional method, the efficiency of decision units is impossible in the presence of time-depen...

the oxidative coupling of methane (ocm) performance over na-w-mn/sio2 at elevated pressures has been simulated by adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (anfis) using reaction data gathered in an isothermal fixed bed microreactor. in the designed neuro fuzzy models, three important parameters such as methane to oxygen ratio, gas hourly space velocity (ghsv), and reaction temperature were conside...

The Midwest has large riverine exports of nitrogen (N), with the largest flux per unit area to the Mississippi River system coming from Iowa and Illinois. We used historic and current data to estimate N inputs, outputs, and transformations for Illinois where human activity (principally agriculture and associated landscape drainage) have had a dominant impact. Presently, approximately 800,000 Mg...

We consider a discrete-time probabilistic inference system where the conclusions and inputs are probability measures on measurable spaces X,X and Y,Y respectively. We are given a kernel N from X to Y (N : X × Y → [0, 1]), which represents the way information about states of affairs (represented by X) is transmitted to a receptor (represented by Y ). Suppose that at time t = i the conclusion is ...