A temporal stability analysis was carried out to model the atomization of a swirling viscous annular liquid sheet emanating from an air-blast atomizer subject to inner and outer inviscid swirling air streams. The dimensionless dispersion equation that governs the instability of a viscous annular liquid sheet under swirling air streams was obtained. Numerical solutions to the dispersion equation...

An improved spark ignition model has been developed and implemented into the KIVA-3V code. In this model, the spark ignition kernel growth is tracked by Lagrangian particle markers. The effects of turbulent flow and spark discharge energy on the kernel growth are considered. After the ignition kernel size exceeds a critical size related to the integral turbulent length scale of the flow, the tu...

In order to compare and evaluate the atomization process occurring in several types of graphite furnaces for atomic absorption spectrometry, the authors estimated temporal variations in the gas temperature by using a two-line method under the assumption of a Bolzmann distribution. The atomization furnaces employed were a graphite tube, a graphite tube coated with pyrolitic carbon, a graphite tu...

A preliminary study of atomization mechanisms in gas-centered swirl-coaxial injectors for use in rocket engines has been undertaken. Gas-centered swirl-coaxial injectors differ from other injectors in that atomization occurs from a wall-bounded liquid. Few studies of atomization mechanisms in wall-bounded flows exist; some probable atomization processes have been determined, however. These mech...

Newtonian impinging jets have been investigated for decades. However, limited is known about non-Newtonian impinging jets. The present work attempts to improve this situation by performing high-fidelity numerical simulations of non-Newtonian impinging jet dynamics. Emphasis is placed on the near field of the liquid sheet formed by the impingement of two shear-thinning (viscosity deceases with i...

Electrohydrodynamic atomization phenomena have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers who are interested in building micro- or nanometer architectures, such as fibers and encapsulated particles with a controllable microstructure. There are two main electrohydrodynamic atomization techniques: electrospraying and electrospinning. These techniques are unique processes in that they pro...

BACKGROUND The elemental composition of bones and teeth can allow exposure to heavy metals in the environment to be estimated. The aim of this study was to determine whether impacted mandibular teeth and the surrounding bones can be used as biomonitoring media to assess exposure to heavy metals. METHODS The research materials were 67 impacted lower third molars and samples of the cortical bon...

The concentrations of selected metals-Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb-were determined in the samples of Hypogymnia physodes lichen and Pleurozium schreberi moss collected in Polish and Czech Euroregions Praded and Glacensis. More specifically, the samples were collected in Bory Stobrawskie, Bory Niemodlińskie, and Kotlina Kłodzka (Poland) and in Jeseniki (Czech Republic). The concentration of metals...

Multiple layer nanoparticles offers a likelihood of success in drug delivery, as it provides a solution for a more controllable drug release, as with such structures, control over the capsule wall thickness, permeability, stability, and degradation characteristics can be achieved (Kumar, 2008). Using PDMS microfluidic devices to synthesize polymeric multilayer microparticles has become popular ...

Aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of atomization and drying on the functionality of emulsions with an oil/water-interface (o/w-interface) consisting of beta-lactoglobulin (single layer emulsion) and sequentially adsorbed pectins with varying degree of methylation at pH<pI (bilayer emulsions). Thus, the emulsion systems were characterized with respect to their behavior durin...