Diverse sensing techniques have been developed and combined with machine learning method for forest fire detection, but none of them referred to identifying smoldering and flaming combustion phases. This study attempts to real-time identify different combustion phases using a developed wireless sensor network (WSN)-based multi-sensor system and artificial neural network (ANN). Sensors (CO, CO₂,...

Flaming phenomena represent the divergence in strength of user dynamics as created by interactions online social networks (OSNs). Although it has been known that flaming occur when Laplacian matrix OSN non-real eigenvalues, was recently shown may even if all eigenvalues are real numbers. This effect appears only situation some degenerate, and a special unitary transformation is applied to equat...

In this paper we present an approach for synthesising and editing cartoon fire series based on hand-drawn samples. Our approach first extracts outlines of hand-drawn cartoon fire series and, based on the central reference skeleton, synthesises fire of arbitrary length by high level control on flame skeletons. With our approach users may edit cartoon fire series to achieve effects such as fire s...

Flame radiation is one of the important causes wildland–urban interface (WUI) fires. PMMA, pine needle and wood are most common fuels in WUI fires, but radiant distance effect on flaming ignitions as well subsequent burning behavior still poorly understood. This work represents an experiment to investigate autoignition pine-needle pine-wood fuel beds with different distances (25 mm–100 mm) unde...

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