The lower flammability limit (LFL) of a fuel is the minimum composition in air over which a flame can propagate. Calculated adiabatic flame temperatures (CAFT) are a powerful tool to estimate the LFL of gas mixtures. Different CAFT values are used for the estimation of LFL. SuperChems is used by industry to perform flammability calculations under different initial conditions which depends on th...

This paper is directed towards the development of safe, and thermally stable solid polymer electrolytes. Linear phosphorus-containing (co)polyesters are described, including their synthesis, thermal analysis, conductivity, and non-flammability. Polycondensation of phenylphosphonic dichloride (PPD) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 12000) with and without bisphenol A (BA) was carried out using sol...

Effective from July 1, 2007 it is mandatory that all mattress sets meet the federal flammability standard CFR 1633. It is necessary to impart flame resistance that would provide at least 30min for occupants to escape fire. Changes in the flammability laws are expected on other soft furnishings of sleep products like comforters and pillows. Generally these products are often the first to be engu...

In flammability assessment, the terpene effect is usually studied using their total or subgroup content, missing, therefore, information that could be provided by molecules themselves. this study, specific role of terpenes on leaf was sought comparing different levels identification—total, (i.e. mono-, sesqui-, and diterpene), single compound—as well as interactions with fuel moisture content (...

In this study, we evaluated changes in the potential flammability of different Mediterranean shrub species a pine (Pinus pinea) forest Doñana Natural Park (of SW Spain) as result goat grazing. Plant height, total biomass, fine fuel biomass and leaves/wood ratio were measured individual plants each both grazed ungrazed areas. Moisture content, mean time ignition, combustion, gross heat combustio...

air conditioning refrigerant r134a has value of global warming potential (gwp) 1300, which is much higher than mac directive (gwp below 150) passed in july 2006. this prompted a search for alternative refrigerant with gwp value less than 150. r1234yf is a new refrigerant which has lower gwp value of 4. effect of blower speed has been compared and flammability issue of r1234yf has been addressed...