Two simple geometric rules predict the wrinkle patterns of curved surfaces that are flattened.

Magnetic resonance visual cystoscopy or MR cystography (MRC) is an emerging tool for bladder tumor detection, where three-dimensional (3D) endoscopic views on the inner bladder surface are being investigated by researchers. In this paper, we further investigate an innovative strategy of visualizing the inner surface by flattening the 3D surface into a 2D display, where conformal mapping, a math...

Infrared internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS) was used to investigate chemical changes of enamel surface during in vitro remineralization. Specimens were demineralized and exposed either to calcium phosphate-fluoride solutions or to acidulated fluorophosphate. The former showed amorphous phosphate remineralization, and the latter showed surface precipitate interpreted to be calcium fluoride. ...

Magnetic resonance visual cystoscopy or MR cystography (MRC) is an emerging tool for bladder tumor detection, and 3D endoscopic views on the inner bladder surface are being investigated by researchers. In this paper, we further investigate an innovative strategy of visualizing the inner surface by flattening the 3D surface into a 2D display, where conformal mapping, a mathematically-proved algo...

The synapses related to the granule cells of the olfactory bulb of rat brain have been studied in aldehyde-fixed material. The synapses can be divided into three classes: (1) those which have asymmetrical synaptic membrane thickenings and spheroidal synaptic vesicles; (2) those with symmetrical synaptic thickenings and flattened vesicles; and (3) the reciprocal synapses, one half of which (from...