Macaronesia, which includes five mid-Atlantic archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Selvagems, Canaries, and Cape Verdes), has been traditionally recognized as a distinct biogeographic unit whose circumscription has been intimately associated with the hypothesis that the flora is a relict of a formerly broadly distributed subtropical Tertiary flora. The concept of Macaronesia is revisited here using p...

We studied variations in the optical properties of the compound eyes of Uca lactea annulipes using in vivo optical and histological techniques. The distribution of resolving power in the eyes of this fiddler crab species is typical for arthropods that inhabit flat environments: the eyes possess a panoramic equatorial acute zone for vertical resolution and a steep decrease of resolution away fro...

Plants of the genus Swertia (Gentianaceae) have been used in traditional medicine for many years. These herbs taste extremely bitter and have been mainly used for the treatment of hepatic, choleric and inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, dysentery, scabies, spasm, pain and neurastenia. In this genus, many components such as iridoids, xanthones, flav...

Noticeable variation was observed in a number of morphological characters in the Glycyrrhiza specimens in various habitats in north of Iran. To study these variations, two taxa related to the Hyrcanian region from all four known taxa of this genus in Iran, including Glycyrrhiza echinata, and G. glabra var. glabra were studied by numerical taxonomy using morphological characters in three provinc...

  Background: Oliveria decumbens Vent. is an endemic plant of Flora Iranica that grows in high temperature areas of south and west of Iran. It is used for indigestion, diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever in traditional medicine.   Objective: In this investigation, chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of Oliveria decumbens has been studied.   Methods: The essential oil of aerial parts o...

background & aim: smirnova iranica sabeti is one of the valuable and adapted shrub species native to the sandy fields of central iran and of fabaceae family that in terms of the production of forage and soil conservation and creating a beautiful landscape and medicinal value is critically important. no study has been conducted on this plant essence in iran, so far.  experimental: in the hab...

background & aim: fabaceae plant family cow tail (smirnovia iranica) is one of the valuable species of native shrubs and sand dunes in the central region of iran which is consistent with the production of forage and soil conservation and creating a beautiful landscape; it has the active ingredients of medicinal values. the purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of some phytoc...

Plants of the genus Swertia (Gentianaceae) have been used in traditional medicine for many years. These herbs taste extremely bitter and have been mainly used for the treatment of hepatic, choleric and inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, dysentery, scabies, spasm, pain and neurastenia. In this genus, many components such as iridoids, xanthones, flav...