Abstract This article introduces a methodology for the diachronic analysis of large historical corpora, Usage Fluctuation Analysis (UFA). UFA looks at fluctuation usage word as observed through collocation. It presupposes neither commitment to specific semantic theory, nor that results will focus solely on semantics. We focus, rather, upon word’s usage. considers amounts evidence about usage, t...

The subjective spatial effect of noise signals with sinusoidal ITD fluctuations was investigated. Both verbal and non-verbal elicitation experiments were carried out to examine the subjective effect of the ITD fluctuations with a number of fluctuation frequencies and fluctuation magnitudes. It was found that the predominant effect of increasing the fluctuation magnitude was an increase in the p...

We experimentally demonstrate the validity of nonequilibrium fluctuation relations by using a quantum coherent conductor. In equilibrium the fluctuation-dissipation relation leads to the correlation between current and current noise at the conductor, namely, the Johnson-Nyquist relation. When the conductor is voltage biased so that the nonlinear regime is entered, the fluctuation theorem has pr...

A general relationship between fluctuation and response in a biological system is presented. The fluctuation is given by the variance of some quantity, whereas the response is given as the average change of that quantity for a given parameter change. We propose a relationship where the two are proportional, in a similar way to the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in physics. By studying an evolu...

We derive a generalized version of the work fluctuation theorem for nonequilibrium systems with spatio-temporal temperature fluctuations. For χ2-distributed inverse temperature we obtain a generalized fluctuation theorem based on q-exponentials, whereas for other temperature distributions more complicated formulae arise. Since q-exponentials have a power law decay, the decay rate in this genera...

As the gate length of MOSFET devices shrinks down below 100 nm, the fluctuation of major devices parameter, namely, threshold voltage (VTH), subthreshold swing, drain current (ID) and subthreshold leakage current due to influences of processes variations becomes a serious problem. Random dopant fluctuation is one of the problems. In this work, we numerically examine the fluctuation effects of r...

Geodesic acoustic mode(GAM) driven by energetic particles are observed in the Large Helical Device by a heavy ion beam probe. The GAM frequency shifts upward in plasmas with monotonic magnetic shear. In plasmas with reversed magnetic shear, on the other hand, the observed GAM and the energetic-particle induced mode, which is probably reversed-shear induced Alfvén Eigenmode(RSAE), appears, and t...